1. Geography 2: Human Geography
The where, who, what why and how of the world

3. What is Geography? Place and space centered inquiry
Human-environment relationship
“Geography is all about trying to make sense of the world”—Peirce Lewis
“Geography is the science of place and space. Geographers ask where things are located on the surface of the earth, why they are located where they are, how places differ from one another, and how people interact with the environment”--AAG

4. Nature and Culture Nature: physical environment, everything not human
Culture: shared learned behavior
Dualism—18th Century
Cultural Ecology—19th & 20th Centuries
Environmental Determinism
Actor-Network Theory, Political Ecology
Possibilism
The Cultural Landscape, Carl Sauer

5. Sustainability Using resources for long-term Can societies fail?
New Orleans, LA
Easter Island

6. Regional Analysis
Formal regions
Functional regions
Perceptual regions

7. Place and Space Site and Situation Space—absolute and relative
Can the situation of a place change?
Can the site of a place be altered by humans?

8. Spatial Diffusion
Diffusion: relocation, contagious, hierarchical, stimulus
Spatial interaction: complementarity, transferability, intervening opportunity
Globalization

9. Spatial Diffusion Relocation diffusion Contagious diffusion
Hierarchical diffusion
Stimulus diffusion
Reverse hierarchical
From larger to smaller cities
From CEO to other employees

10. Reverse hierarchical diffusion:
The first Walmart opened in 1962 in
Rogers, Arkansas (pop 6000).
Walmart openings

11. His Lai Temple, Hacienda Heights

13. Spatial Interaction—Edward Ullman, 1954
Connections, relations that develop among places and regions as a
result of the movement or flow of people, goods, or information

14. Intervening opportunities
Complementarity
Short or long distances
Oil from Saudi Arabia to markets in North America
Your journey to a movie theater
Spatial variability: not all places on earth have oil, not every corner has a movie theater
Spatial variability may also be influenced by cost—where is it cheaper to produce a good/service?
Transferability
The cost of moving an item, and its relative value determine its transferability
What types of goods have high transferability?
What types have low transferability?
What has changed to reduce the friction of distance?
Intervening opportunities
New location arises that can provide a good more economically
Where do you go to fill up your car with gasoline?
How is this impacted by accessibility? Is distance always the primary determinant of accessibility?

15. Time-Space Convergence
Distance Decay
What has reduced the friction of distance?
How does globalization alter accessibility and create time-space convergence?

16. Geographer’s Tools Scale GPS Remote Sensing GIS Cartographic scales
Observational scales
GPS
Remote Sensing
GIS