1. Warm Up What is a memory that you will always cherish?
A favorite childhood trip?
Fun/funny experience with some good friends?
Family vacation gone horribly wrong?

2. How we REALLY remember things
Long Term Memory
How we REALLY remember things

3. Long-Term Memory Sensory Memory Working Memory Long-term Memory Events
Encoding
Events
Encoding
Retrieval
OBJECTIVE 10| Describe the capacity and duration of long-term memory.
Retrieval

4. Long Term Memory Third type of memory storage
Any experience you can recall after it happened is in long term memory
Third stage of memory, capable of large and relatively permanent storage

5. Capacity of Memory
Unlimited capacity store. Estimates on capacity range from 1000 billion to 1,000,000 billion bits of information
The Clark’s nutcracker can locate 6,000 caches of
buried pine seeds during winter and spring.

6. Memory as Reconstructive
Memories are not recorded and played back like videos and movies
Reconstructed from different bits and pieces of information
We remember things by piecing this information together
Our own biases and beliefs affect what we remember

7. Schemas Look at the two labels you wrote down
Draw the picture that corresponded to each one
We organize memory with prior knowledge
How does this connect to the car crash?

8. Structure Semantic Memory: -language -Facts -General Knowledge
Long Term Memory
Declarative Memory
(Explicitly Memory)
(knowing what)
Semantic Memory:
-language
-Facts
-General Knowledge
Episodic Memory
-Events
-Personal Experiences
Procedural Memory
(Implicit Memory)
(knowing how)
Includes:
-Motor skills
-Operant Conditioning
-Classical Conditioning

9. Brain
Two parts of the brain psychologists know for sure are involved in memory are the hippocampus and the amygdala.

10. Brain
In a process called consolidation, information in the working memory is gradually changed over to long term memories.

11. Brain
The amygdala seems to play a role in strengthening memories that have strong emotional connections.

12. Why do we forget?
Forgetting can occur at any memory stage. We filter, alter, or lose much information during these stages.
(copy down the boxes to the right on your notes.)

13. Three basic memory tasks
Recall: Naming the seven dwarfs
Recognition: Identifying the seven dwarfs
Relearning: Writing down the names of the seven dwarfs after having been exposed to them again

14. Recognition
Recognition: Identifying objects that have been encountered before
Recognition is the easiest memory task
Recent graduates pick out classmates correctly 90 percent of the time
After 40 years they do it correctly 75 percent of the time

15. Recall
Recall: Reconstructing past experience or knowledge with no prompts
Recall drops sharply in an hour but then tends to level off

16. Relearning
Relearning: The ability to learn things more quickly if you have been exposed to them, but forgotten them
Ebbinghaus gave people nonsense syllables
Good in the first hour
Disappeared
Took less time to learn them

17. We cannot remember what we do not encode.
Encoding Failure
We cannot remember what we do not encode.
OBJECTIVE 19| Discuss the role of encoding failure in forgetting.

18. Retrieval Failure
Although the information is retained in the memory store, it cannot be accessed.
Tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) is a retrieval failure phenomenon. Given a cue (What makes blood cells red?) the subject says the word begins with an H (hemoglobin).

19. Amnesia
Infantile Amnesia: Most people have difficulty remembering things before age 6. almost no one remembers events before age 3

20. Amnesia
Anterograde Amnesia: The inability to create new memories after brain trauma
Retrograde Amnesia: The inability to remember prior events after brain trauma
Usually not as lasting

21. HM Questions P. 171 Why did H.M. lose his memory?
What type of Amnesia does he have?
Did it affect his intelligence?
Can he still learn?
What are some ways you could cope with this?