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Warm Up What is a memory that you will always cherish?

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Presentation on theme: "Warm Up What is a memory that you will always cherish?"— Presentation transcript:

1 Warm Up What is a memory that you will always cherish?
A favorite childhood trip? Fun/funny experience with some good friends? Family vacation gone horribly wrong?

2 How we REALLY remember things
Long Term Memory How we REALLY remember things

3 Long-Term Memory Sensory Memory Working Memory Long-term Memory Events
Encoding Events Encoding Retrieval OBJECTIVE 10| Describe the capacity and duration of long-term memory. Retrieval

4 Long Term Memory Third type of memory storage
Any experience you can recall after it happened is in long term memory Third stage of memory, capable of large and relatively permanent storage

5 Capacity of Memory Unlimited capacity store. Estimates on capacity range from 1000 billion to 1,000,000 billion bits of information The Clark’s nutcracker can locate 6,000 caches of buried pine seeds during winter and spring.

6 Memory as Reconstructive
Memories are not recorded and played back like videos and movies Reconstructed from different bits and pieces of information We remember things by piecing this information together Our own biases and beliefs affect what we remember

7 Schemas Look at the two labels you wrote down
Draw the picture that corresponded to each one We organize memory with prior knowledge How does this connect to the car crash?

8 Structure Semantic Memory: -language -Facts -General Knowledge
Long Term Memory Declarative Memory (Explicitly Memory) (knowing what) Semantic Memory: -language -Facts -General Knowledge Episodic Memory -Events -Personal Experiences Procedural Memory (Implicit Memory) (knowing how) Includes: -Motor skills -Operant Conditioning -Classical Conditioning

9 Brain Two parts of the brain psychologists know for sure are involved in memory are the hippocampus and the amygdala.

10 Brain In a process called consolidation, information in the working memory is gradually changed over to long term memories.

11 Brain The amygdala seems to play a role in strengthening memories that have strong emotional connections.

12 Why do we forget? Forgetting can occur at any memory stage. We filter, alter, or lose much information during these stages. (copy down the boxes to the right on your notes.)

13 Three basic memory tasks
Recall: Naming the seven dwarfs Recognition: Identifying the seven dwarfs Relearning: Writing down the names of the seven dwarfs after having been exposed to them again

14 Recognition Recognition: Identifying objects that have been encountered before Recognition is the easiest memory task Recent graduates pick out classmates correctly 90 percent of the time After 40 years they do it correctly 75 percent of the time

15 Recall Recall: Reconstructing past experience or knowledge with no prompts Recall drops sharply in an hour but then tends to level off

16 Relearning Relearning: The ability to learn things more quickly if you have been exposed to them, but forgotten them Ebbinghaus gave people nonsense syllables Good in the first hour Disappeared Took less time to learn them

17 We cannot remember what we do not encode.
Encoding Failure We cannot remember what we do not encode. OBJECTIVE 19| Discuss the role of encoding failure in forgetting.

18 Retrieval Failure Although the information is retained in the memory store, it cannot be accessed. Tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) is a retrieval failure phenomenon. Given a cue (What makes blood cells red?) the subject says the word begins with an H (hemoglobin).

19 Amnesia Infantile Amnesia: Most people have difficulty remembering things before age 6. almost no one remembers events before age 3

20 Amnesia Anterograde Amnesia: The inability to create new memories after brain trauma Retrograde Amnesia: The inability to remember prior events after brain trauma Usually not as lasting

21 HM Questions P. 171 Why did H.M. lose his memory?
What type of Amnesia does he have? Did it affect his intelligence? Can he still learn? What are some ways you could cope with this?


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