1. Research Methods
Chapter 2

2. The Experiment
Cause and Effect
Hypothesis

3. The Experiment
2. Participants
Population
Sample population

4. The Experiment 3. Variables Independent variable Dependent variable
Operational Definitions

5. The Experiment
4. Groups
Experimental group
Control group
placebo

6. The Experiment
5. Problems
Experimenter bias
Confounding variables

7. The Experiment 6. Control Measures Single blind Double blind
randomization

8. Ethics in Research Informed Consent Deception Protection from Harm
Confidentiality
Withdrawal
Debriefing

9. Other Methods
Longitudinal
Cross-Sectional

10. Other Methods
Naturalistic Observation

11. Other Methods
Correlation
NOT Causation

12. Other Methods
Survey

13. Other Methods
Case Study

14. Misc. Terms and Ideas Ex Post Facto Validity Hindsight bias
Overconfidence
Quasi-experiments

15. Quasi-experiments
Measurement of dependent variables when independent variables were not entirely under the experimenter’s control
+ can provide strong evidence suggesting cause-effect relationship
Behavioral genetics- the study of how genes and heredity affect behavior
Family studies & twin studies - lack of control may weaken conclusions
Measurement of dependent variables when independent variables were not entirely under the experimenter’s control
+ can provide strong evidence suggesting cause-effect relationship
Behavioral genetics- the study of how genes and heredity affect behavior
Family studies & twin studies - lack of control may weaken conclusions

16. Statistics Describing Data
Figure displays a distribution of different brand truck still on the road after a decade. By changing the scales you can make the difference look big or small, with the same data. Pay attention to what you are looking at. Read the scales.

17. Descriptive Statistics
Distribution of data
Frequency distribution
Histogram
Normal Curve

18. Descriptive Statistics
Measure of Central Tendency
Mode
Mean
Median

19. Descriptive Statistics
Measures of Variation
Range
Standard Deviation

20. Descriptive Statistics
Correlation Coefficient
Positive
Negative
Scatterplot

22. Inferential Statistics
Probability and Chance
Statistical Significance