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Unit 11: Classification of Chemical Reactions
Cypress Creek HS: Chemistry 1K Chapter 10
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Part 2: Classifying and Predicting Reactions
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Classifying Chemical Reactions
Reactions are classified into several categories. Synthesis A + B AB Decomposition AB A + B Single Replacement A + BC AC + B Double Replacement AB + CD AD + CB Combustion CxHy + O2 CO2+ H2O By recognizing these patterns, you can classify a reaction and make predictions about its products. Compare these reactions to dancing!
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Synthesis Reaction Whenever two or more substances combine to form a single product, the reaction is called a synthesis reaction. When iron rusts, iron metal and oxygen gas combine to form one new substance, iron (III) oxide.
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Decomposition Reaction
Whenever a compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances, the reaction is called a decomposition reaction. When hydrogen peroxide spontaneously decomposes, it becomes water and oxygen gas. 2H2O2(aq) 2H2O(l) + O2(g)
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Single-Displacement Reaction
Whenever one element takes the place of another, the reaction is called a single-displacement reaction. This reaction will only occur if the more active metal will become part of a compound in the product. An iron nail soaking in copper (II) sulfate yields iron (II) sulfate and copper
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Double-Displacement Reaction
Whenever two ionic compounds trade cations, the reaction is called a double-displacement reaction. One of the products will either be water, a gas, or most commonly a precipitate (insoluble in water). Lead (II) nitrate and potassium iodide form lead (II) iodide and potassium nitrate. Note the yellow precipitate is PbI2.
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Combustion Reaction Whenever hydrocarbons combine rapidly with oxygen (usually by fire), the reaction is called a combustion reaction. The products will be water and carbon dioxide. Burning methane (CH4) yields water and carbon dioxide This reaction contributes to our greenhouse gases and global warming.
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Identifying Chemical Reactions
Identify each of the following chemical equations as synthesis, decomposition, single-displacement, double-displacement, or combustion reaction. A) B) C)
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