1. Particle Theory of Matter
(Kinetic Theory of Matter)
All matter is made of tiny particles called ATOMS.
Atoms are always moving (they have kinetic energy).
The faster the particles move higher the temperature of matter.
A state of matter is the form in which matter exists: solid, liquid, gas.
The differences between solids, liquids & gases can be explained with this theory.

2. States of Matter
There are 3 states of matter:
Solid
Liquid
& Gas

3. States of Matter

4. Solids Liquids Gases Can’t be compressed into a smaller volume
Have a fixed volume
Can’t be compressed into a smaller volume
Keeps it shape even when moved
Very dense
Solids
Have a fixed volume
Can’t be compressed into a smaller volume
Takes the shape of its container
Flows easily
Dense
Liquids
Does not have a fixed volume
Can be compressed into a smaller volume
Will fill all available space
Flows easily
Not dense
Gases

5. Solid
Liquid
Gas

6. Solids Liquids Gases Particles are vibrating
Particles can not move around each other
Particles held together by strong forces of attraction
Particles are close together
Solids
Particles are free to move past each other
Particles held together by forces of attraction
Particles still close together
Liquids
Particles are moving very fast
Particles are far apart
Almost no forces of attraction between particles
Gases

7. Energy & Changes of States of Matter
Changes of state of matter in a system are caused by changes in thermal energy in the form of heat.
Thermal energy can be added to a system (absorbed) or given off (released).
As a result of adding or releasing thermal energy, particles of some substances may gain or lose enough energy to change state.
When energy is absorbed the process is called endothermic.
When energy is released the process is called exothermic.
CHANGES
MELTING
EVAPORATING
BOILING
FREEZING
CONDENSATION
SUBLIMATION
DEPOSITION
PHYSICAL CHANGE
SOLID TO LIQUID
LIQUID TO GAS
LIQUID TO SOLID
GAS TO LIQUID
SOLID TO GAS
VAPOR (GAS) TO SOLID
ENERGY CHANGE
ENERGY ABSORBED
ENERGY RELEASED