1. Energy Flows and Nutrients Cycle
Solar energy
CO2 given off as waste by animals and used by plants
100% energy
Chemical energy
H2O + P + N from soil
90% energy lost to heat
10% energy passed down
Producers turn sunlight into food
O2 given off as waste and used by consumers
90% energy lost to heat
1% energy left
C, N, H passed on to consumers
Primary consumers turn plant energy into animal energy
90% energy lost to heat
.1% energy left
Secondary consumers turn stored animal energy into animal energy
Decomposers return nutrients to soil
N, H2O, P are returned to the soil