1. Subthreshold SRAM Designs for Cryptography Security Computations Adnan Gutub The Second International Conference on Software Engineering and Computer Systems (ICSECS2011) University Pahang Malaysia 27-29 June 2011 Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah Saudi Arabia

2. Outline Introduction Background crypto-system complexity CMOS SRAM for Crypto Designing SRAM Potential & Power reduction Reliability of Low-Power SRAM low power SRAM designs Remarks

3. Introduction Saving Power: cryptographic computations hardware designs performance transistor count power consumption = a real problem. Reliability : balance of Performance energy utilization

4. Background Before: Efficiency of hardware power consumption depended on device technology circuit optimization Currently: new solutions power utilization problems Computer architecture electronics engineering

5. crypto-system complexity difficulty and time consuming hardware modeling verifications analysis of power and performance early stages of hardware designing avoid starting again every time cryptography hardware designing top-level: structured or behavioral circuit optimizations: logical level gate level semiconductor devices

6. crypto-system complexity low power design methods: all design levels independently So complete crypto hardware system benefit from total power efficiency gained. Many technology tools have been developed for industrial general designing purposes Accordingly, power estimation studies at architecture level are becoming a more important research subject

7. CMOS SRAM for Crypto Designing Cryptographic hardware = problem of power consumption = crypto memory = CMOS memory power optimization CMOS memory circuits optimization = utilizing subthreshold leakage CMOS technology = improving = supply voltage, VDD = decreasing, = threshold voltage, VTH,= decrease crypto-computation circuit performance (speed) = practical level = lowering VDD and VTH, portable small devices (i.e. notebooks, mobiles, smartcards…etc) = subthreshold CMOS transistors in crypto hardware design and operation is getting important

8. CMOS SRAM for Crypto Designing Standard 6T SRAM Cell

9. SRAM Potential & Power reduction Keep: 6T SRAM cell structure Modify: voltages Increasing V DD & V TH (shifting the voltage swing) more speed reduce leakage power consumption transistors sizes & design it self transistor sizing and adding a sleep transistor before connecting the cell to ground

10. SRAM Potential & Power reduction transistors sizes & design it self Adding sleep transistor before connecting the cell to ground

11. SRAM Potential & Power reduction transistors sizes & design it self change standard design number of transistors and invent new structure by adding power efficiency transistors

12. Reliability of Low-Power SRAM low power SRAM designs save energy = transistors become more sensitive to soft errors Soft errors can change values of bits stored leading to functionality failures = very serious in crypto applications.

13. Remarks All hardware architecture power reduction is lacking consistency cryptography and security hardware designing low-power consideration resulted in the need to develop specific energy- efficient algorithm-flexible hardware. Reconfigurable Domain-specific SRAM memory designs are what is needed to provide the required flexibility. it may not payback without gaining the high overhead costs related to the generic reprogrammable designs resulting implementations capable of performing the entire suite of cryptographic primitives over all crypto arithmetic operations. The technology is moving toward ultra-low-power mode where the hardware processors power consumption should be reduced much. Measured performance and energy efficiency indicate a comparable level of performance to most reported dedicated hardware implementations, while providing all of the flexibility of a software- based implementation

14. Q & A