1. Revolutions, Unification and Nationalism
Chapter 19 Notes
Revolutions, Unification and Nationalism

2. Clip of the Day

4. Congress of Vienna September 1814
Peace Settlement after the defeat of Napoleon
Restore the lawful monarchs who had ruled before
This would ensure peace and stability

5. Concert of Europe
Great Britain, Russia, Prussia, Austria and eventually France agree to meetings.
Maintain peace in Europe

6. Principle of Intervention
The new great powers had the right to send armies into countries where there were revolutions in order to restore legitimate monarchs.
Great Britain did not agree with the other powers and refused to accept the principle

7. Political Philosophies
Conservativism – Based on tradition and a belief in the value of social stability.
Organized religion important to keep order in society
Liberalism – Grew out of the enlightenment. People should be as free as possible from government restraint.
Bill of Rights served as motivation

8. Nationalism People identify themselves as part of a community
Arose during French Revolution
Was a threat to Concert of Europe
Distinctive language, culture/customs brought people together. Felt a loyalty to a nation not a king.

11. Revolutionary Outbursts
Beginning in 1830 the forces of change (liberalism and nationalism) lead to revolutions in Europe
France
Belgium
Poland
Italy

12. Revolutions of 1848 Severe economic hardship for working class people.
Wanted liberal governments/constitutions
Freedoms, Voting Rights, Limit/End Monarch Rule
France
German Confederacy
Austrian Empire
Italian States

13. Revolutions of 1848
Technology (printing press, improved railroad) helped make the revolutions possible
Most of the revolutions of 1848 eventually failed due to divisions between the revolutionaries
Conservatism regains control but nationalism lives on
By 1871 Germany and Italy are unified

14. Breakdown of the Concert of Europe
Crimean War – Long-term war/struggle between Russia and the Ottoman Empire
Russia wanted access to warm water ports (why?)