1. The basic structure that makes up all living organisms
The Cell
The basic structure that makes up all living organisms

2. The Discovery of the Cell
The cell is the basic unit of structure and function of all living things. The structures that make up a cell are called organelles.
1665: Robert Hooke
looked at cork he saw "little rooms" that he called cells 

3. Understanding Cells Anton van Leeuwenhoek Matthius Schleiden
Used a simple microscope to see moving objects that he called "animalcules." He was actually looking at bacteria.
Matthius Schleiden
Botanist who studied the parts of plant cells. Determined that all plants are made of cells
Theodore Schwann:
Zoologist who studied animals. Determined that all animals are made of cells
Rudolf Virchow:
All living cells come from other living cells.

4. The Cell Theory All living things are made of cells
Cells only come from other living cells.
Living cells are the basic unit of structure for all living things.

5. (Looks like empty space)
Typical Animal Cell
(Looks like empty space)

6. (Looks like empty space)
Typical Animal Cell 13
(Looks like empty space) 1 12 2 11 10
(The surface) 3 9 4 5 6 7 8

7. Typical Animal Cell 13 1 12 2 11 10 3 9 4 5 6 7 8 Cytoplasm
(Looks like empty space) 1
Mitochondrion
Centriole 12 2
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum 11
Cell Membrane 10
(The surface)
Golgi apparatus 3
Chromosomes 9 4
Vesicle
Nucleolus 5 6
Nuclear envelope 7
Cytoskeleton 8
Nucleus

8. (Looks like empty space)
Typical Plant Cell
(Outer wall)
(Looks like empty space)
(Inner wall)

9. (Looks like empty space)
Typical Plant Cell 13
(Outer wall) 1
(Looks like empty space) 2 3 12
(Inner wall) 4 11 5 6 7 10 8 9

10. Typical Plant Cell 13 1 2 3 12 4 11 5 6 7 10 8 9 Cell Wall Cytoplasm
(Outer wall)
Cytoplasm 1
(Looks like empty space)
Cytoskeleton 2
Cell Membrane 3 12
Chromosomes
(Inner wall)
Endoplasmic Reticulum 4
Nucleolus 11 5
Vesicle
Nuclear envelope 6 7
Mitochondrion 10
Central Vacuole 8
Golgi apparatus 9
Chloroplast

11. Cell Part Description Function
Fluid that contains salts, and
a threadlike protein network
Cell Appendages
Where most chemical reactions occur, and helps with movement
Cytoplasm
& Cytoskeleton
Long whip like tails called flagella, and small hairlike structures called cilia
Movement of the cell or moving materials to and from the cell

12. Cell Part Description Function
Strong stiff layer outside the cell membrane; in plants, made of cellulose (a carbohydrate)
Cell Membrane
Provides structural supports and protection against viruses
Cell Wall
The flexible outer layer, contains pores (a barrier made of phospholipids)
Controls movement into and out of the cell

13. Cell Part Description Function
Prepares and packages proteins for shipment
Golgi
Apparatus
Flattened stacks of pancakes
Vesicles:
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Ball like storage structures with membranes (Eukaryotes)
Stores enzymes for breaking down substance
2. Stores food, water, and waste

14. Cell Part Description Function
Endoplasmic Reticulum
(E.R.)
Makes proteins
System of clear tubular passageways that spread throughout the cytoplasm
Where
Proteins (on the rough) and
Lipids (on the smooth) are made
Small, grainlike body made primarily of RNA; may be attached to the E.R. or floating free in cytoplasm; produced in nucleolus
Ribosomes

15. Cell Part Description Function
Oval-shaped organelles; has a smooth outer membrane and a greatly folded inner membrane
Chloroplast
Respiration, where chemical energy (ATP) in food is released.
Mitochondrion
Large, green structure in the cytoplasm that contain chlorophyll
Does Photosynthesis:
Captures light energy and turns it into glucose (food)

16. Cell Part Description Function
Largest (circular) organelle
Directs cell activities and contains genetic information
Nucleus
Chromosomes
Nucleolus
Envelope
Small K shaped object
Large dark spot
Surface containing pores
Is DNA
Makes Ribosomes
Controls movement of molecules

17. Two Divisions of Cells Eukaryote Prokaryote
Cells with a nucleus to hold genetic material
Typically larger than prokaryote
Prokaryote
Cells without a nucleus
Typically very small