1. p. 33 – Mechanisms of Evolution

2. Mechanism by which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations produce more offspring on average than do other individuals
The environment is the selecting agent (determines which traits are beneficial)
Happens in nature without human interference
Natural Selection

3. Adaptation Feature that allows an organism to better survive
Long neck on giraffe
Camouflage of a tiger
Adaptation

4. Process by which humans change a species by breeding it for certain traits
Artificial Selection

5. Measure of the ability to survive and produce more offspring compared to other members of the population
Fitness

6. Convergent Evolution – evolution toward similar characteristics in unrelated species
Wings on birds and wings on insects
Tail fin on fish, shark and dolphins
Produces analogous structures
2 types of Evolution

7. Divergent Evolution – when closely related species evolve in different directions
Kit fox and red fox
Bones in arms performing different functions for different animals
Produces homologous structures
2 Types of Evolution

8. Directional selection
One extreme phenotype is favored by natural selection
Directional selection

9. Both extreme phenotypes are favored by natural selection
Disruptive Selection

10. Stabilizing Selection
The intermediate or “average” phenotypes are favored by natural selection over the extreme phenotypes
Stabilizing Selection