1. Lecture 02 Fall Semester 2013-2014
Emotion
Lecture 02
Fall Semester

2. Course objective
At the end of the week’s activity, the student should be able to:
define the components of an emotion
identify the bodily changes related to emotion
apply knowledge on psychological concepts (Emotion) in the care of patients

3. Emotion
A complex, multicomponent episode that creates a readiness to act

4. Components of emotion 1. Cognitive appraisal 6. Responses to emotion
Person-environment relationship
1. Cognitive appraisal
Emotional responses:
2. Subjective experience
3. thought-action tendencies
4. Internal bodily
Changes
5. Facial expression
6. Responses to emotion

5. Components of emotion Cognitive appraisal
A person’s assessment of the personal meaning of his or her current circumstances
Affects both the intensity and the quality of an emotion

6. Emotions and their cognitive causes
Anger
A demeaning offense against me or mine
Anxiety
Facing uncertain, existent threat
Fright
Facing an immediate, concrete, and overwhelming physical danger

7. Emotions and their cognitive causes
Guilt
Having transgressed a moral imperative
Shame
Having failed to live up to an ego ideal
Sadness
Having faced an irrevocable loss
Envy
Wanting what someone else has

8. Emotions and their cognitive causes
Jealousy
Resenting a third party for loss or threat to another’s affection
Disgust
Taking in or being too close to an indigestible object or idea (metaphorically speaking)
Happiness
Making reasonable progress toward a realization of a goal

9. Emotions and their cognitive causes
Pride
Enhancing our ego identity by taking credit for a valued object or achievement
Relief
A distressing goal-incongruent condition has changed for the better or gone away
Hope
Fearing the worst but yearning for better

10. Emotions and their cognitive causes
Love
Desiring or participating in affection, usually but not necessarily reciprocated
Compassion
Being moved by another’s suffering and wanting to help

11. Components of emotion Subjective experience
The affective state of feeling tone that emotion brings
Guide behavior, decision making and judgment

12. Components of emotion Thought and action tendencies
Urges to think or act in particular ways
Steer memory, learning and risk assessments

13. Emotions and their associated thought-action tendencies
Anger
Attack
Fear
Escape
Disgust
Expel
Guilt
Make amends

14. Emotions and their associated thought-action tendencies
Shame
Disappear
Sadness
Withdraw
Joy
Play
Interest
explore

15. Emotions and their associated thought-action tendencies
Contentment
Savor and integrate
Pride
Dream big
Gratitude
Be prosocial
Elevation
Become better person

16. Components of emotion Internal bodily changes
physiological responses particularly those involving the autonomic nervous responses
Sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for emergency action and is responsible for the following changes
Blood pressure increase and heart rate increase
Respiration become more rapid
Pupils dilate
Perspiration increases while secretion of saliva and mucus decreases
Blood sugar level increases to provide more energy
Blood clots more quickly in case of wounds
Blood is diverted from the stomach and intestines to the brain and skeletal muscles
Hairs on the skin become erect causing goose bumps

17. Components of emotion Internal bodily changes
physiological responses particularly those involving the autonomic nervous responses
Parasympathetic nervous system
Takes over when emotion subsides
Energy-conserving system
Returns the organism to its original state
Autonomic arousal may also help differentiate the emotions because the pattern of arousal differs for different emotions

18. Components of emotion Facial expression
Muscle contractions that move facial landmarks – like cheek, lips, nose, and brows – into particular configurations
Have universal meaning
People from different culture agree what emotion a particular person is expressing
Cultures may differ in the factors that elicit certain emotions and in rules for proper display of emotion
Has communicative power
Contribute to the subjective experience of an emotion

20. Components of emotion Responses to emotion
How people regulate, react to, or cope with their own emotion or situation that triggered it
People almost always respond to or regulate their emotions by either exaggerating or minimizing them, and the ability to do so predicts social success.

21. Components of emotion Responses to emotion
People use different cognitive and behavioral strategies to make them feel better
Behavioral
Cognitive
Avoid the problematic situation
Do something pleasant or demanding
Avoid thinking about
the problem
Think about something pleasant or absorbing
Diversion
Disengagement
Distraction

22. Components of emotion Responses to emotion
People use different cognitive and behavioral strategies to make them feel better
Behavioral
Cognitive
Vent feelings, seek comfort
Take action to solve the problem
Reappraise
Think about how to solve the problem
Engagement
Affect- directed
Situation-directed

23. References
Kalat, J. W. (2008). Introduction to Psychology 8th Edition. (pp ) USA: Thomson Learning, Inc
Smith, E., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Fredrickson, B., & Loftus, G. (2003). Atkinson's and Hilgard's Introduction to Psychology 14th Edition. (pp ) Singapore: Thomson Learning.