1. United States Government: Week Three
 TEXTBOOK CHAPTER 1 Continued, Supreme Court Case: United States v. Virginia

2. CHAPTER 1: SECTION 1 (WHAT ARE THE PURPOSES OF GOVERNMENT
CHAPTER 1: SECTION 1 (WHAT ARE THE PURPOSES OF GOVERNMENT?) SECTION REVIEW QUESTIONS
WHAT IS SOVEREIGNTY, AND WHY IS IT AN ESSENTIAL ELEMENT OF A STATE?
CLASSIFY EACH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS WITH THE THEORY OF ORIGIN THAT DESCRIBES IT.  A. THE EMPEROR WAS CHOSEN BY GOD TO RULE CHINA.  B. A FATHER OR GRANDFATHER RULED OVER A FAMILY OR TRIBE.  C. A LEADER AND SOME OF HIS FOLLOWERS GAINED CONTROL BY INTIMIDATING PEOPLE TO CARRY OUT IMPORTANT WORK.  D. PEOPLE HATED ANARCHY, SO THEY GAVE UP THEIR FREEDOM FOR ORDER.
WHAT IS A GOVERNMENT, AND WHAT ARE ITS BASIC FUNCTIONS?

3. CHAPTER 1: SECTION 1 (WHAT ARE THE PURPOSES OF GOVERNMENT
CHAPTER 1: SECTION 1 (WHAT ARE THE PURPOSES OF GOVERNMENT?) SECTION REVIEW QUESTIONS
4.  WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A NATION AND A STATE OR A COUNTRY?
5.  WHY AND HOW WERE GOVERNMENTS CREATED?

4. CHAPTER 1: SECTION 2 (WHAT PRINCIPLES GUIDE DIFFERENT TYPES OF GOVERNMENT?) GUIDED READING QUESTIONS
 WHAT MADE THE INITIAL U.S. SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT A CONFEDERACY?
WHAT ARE THE MAJOR PURPOSES OF A CONSTITUTION?
HOW DO OLIGARCHIES DIFFER FROM MONARCHIES?
WHY IS CITIZEN PARTICIPATION AN IMPORTANT PRINCIPLE OF DEMOCRACY?
WHAT PRINCIPLES ARE CENTRAL TO DEMOCRACIES? LIST THEM ALL.

5. CHAPTER 1: SECTION 2 (WHAT PRINCIPLES GUIDE DIFFERENT TYPES OF GOVERNMENT?) SECTION REVIEW QUESTIONS
WHY IS THE UNITED STATES A REPUBLIC AND A DEMOCRACY?
 WRITE A PARAGRAPH ANALYZING THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DIFFERENT SYSTEMS OF GOVERNMENT, INCLUDING UNITARY, CONFEDERATE, AND FEDERAL SYSTEMS.
 HOW IS A FEDERAL SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT DIFFERENT FROM A UNITARY OR CONFEDERATE ONE?

6. CHAPTER 1: SECTION 2 (WHAT PRINCIPLES GUIDE DIFFERENT TYPES OF GOVERNMENT?) SECTION REVIEW QUESTIONS
HOW IS A CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT DIFFERENT THAN A COUNTRY WITHOUT A CONSTITUTION?
 WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN AUTHORITARIAN AND DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENTS?
 CHOOSE A PRINCIPLE OF DEMOCRACY THAT YOU FEEL IS MOST ESSENTIAL TO A DEMOCRATIC FORM OF GOVERNMENT. WRITE A PARAGRAPH EXPLAINING WHAT THIS PRINCIPLE IS AND WHY IT IS ESSENTIAL. INCLUDE EXAMPLES THAT SUPPORT YOUR CHOICE.

7. CHAPTER 1: SECTION 3 (WHAT IS THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF ECONOMIC SYSTEMS?) GUIDED READING QUESTIONS
 WHAT ARE THE BASIC FACTORS OF EVERY ECONOMY?
   WHAT ARE TWO DIFFERENT WAYS ECONOMIC SYSTEMS ARE CLASSIFIED? HOW ARE THEY DIFFERENT?
  WHAT ARE THE GOALS OF CAPITALISM?
  WHAT ARE THE FIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF PURE CAPITALISM? BE SURE TO DEFINE EACH IN YOUR RESPONSE.
  WHAT ARE MIXED ECONOMIES?
  HOW DOES THE U.S. ECONOMY DIFFER FROM PURE CAPITALISM?

8. CHAPTER 1: SECTION 3 (WHAT IS THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF ECONOMIC SYSTEMS?) GUIDED READING QUESTIONS
7. What is the Goal of Socialism?
8. UNDER SOCIALISM, WHO DETERMINES THE USE OF RESOURCES?
9. HOW DOES A COMMAND ECONOMY WORK?
10. WHAT ARE THE FEATURES OF A PURELY COMMUNIST COUNTRY?

9. CHAPTER 1: SECTION 3 (WHAT IS THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF ECONOMIC SYSTEMS?) SECTION REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. HOW DO CAPITALISM, SOCIALISM, AND COMMUNISM DIFFER?
2. WRITE A SUMMARY ABOUT THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN CAPITALISM, SOCIALISM, AND COMMUNISM.
3. WHAT ARE THE BASIC FACTORS OF EVERY ECONOMY?
4. WHAT ARE THE GOALS OF CAPITALISM?
5. WHAT ARE MIXED ECONOMIES?

10. CHAPTER 1: SECTION 3 (WHAT IS THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF ECONOMIC SYSTEMS?) SECTION REVIEW QUESTIONS
6. WHAT ARE THE GOALS OF SOCIALISM?
7.  HOW DOES A COMMAND ECONOMY WORK?
8.. WRITE A FICTIONAL STORY OR DRAW A PICTURE THAT ILLUSTRATES THE THREE MAJOR ECONOMIC SYSTEMS AND HOW GOVERNMENT IS OR IS NOT INVOLVED IN EACH. YOUR STORY OR ILLUSTRATION SHOULD SHOW THE INTERACTIONS AMONG CONSUMERS, PRODUCERS, WORKERS, AND GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS.

11. SUPREME COURT CASE: UNITED STATES V. VIRGINIA
Relevant to: 14th Amendment Section 1 All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

12. Is it unconstitutional for VMI to refuse to admit women?
Facts of the Case: Virginia Military Institute (VMI) is a taxpayer-supported state military college in Virginia. The school’s mission is to produce citizen- soldiers, prepared for leadership in civilian life and military service. Since 1839, VMI has graduated an impressive group of young men who became leaders in politics, business, and the military. The school is well-funded and well-respected. VMI uses a system like military boot camp to instill physical and mental discipline in students. This approach includes physical rigor, mental stress, absence of privacy, and extreme regulation of behavior. In recent years, the military role of the school has diminished. By 1995, about 15 percent of graduates were pursuing military careers.

13. Is it unconstitutional for VMI to refuse to admit women?
Facts of the Case:
VMI had never admitted women. After pressure from the U.S. government to begin admitting women, VMI created a separate college for women. That college used cooperative methods to train students, as opposed to the boot camp method at VMI. The college for women was not as well-funded or as well- respected as VMI.
The U.S. government sued VMI, arguing that the college was denying women equal treatment under the law, as required by the Fourteenth Amendment. VMI was funded by the state of Virginia, so the school is treated like a part of the government.

14. ARGUMENTS
The following is a list of arguments made in the case of United States v. Virginia. Read each argument and categorize each based on whether it supports the U.S. government’s side (that VMI’s refusal to admit women is unconstitutional) or VMI’s side (that the male-only admission policy is constitutional).

15. Who Said What?
Admitting women to VMI would fundamentally change the character of the school. The college could not do boot camp-like activities with women in attendance.
The fact that VMI created a separate college for women shows that VMI was not treating women differently from men. Both men and women could attend a VMI school, just not the same school.
The college that VMI created for women was not the equal of the college for men. It used different methods and was not as well-funded or well-respected.
VMI has a mission to prepare citizen-soldiers to serve in the military. Far more men than women serve in combat roles in the military, so the school should be permitted to have an all-male training program.
VMI has strayed from its military mission and most graduates do not become soldiers. The college’s argument that it needs to train men for combat no longer stands. 
Many women attend military boot camps and serve in the military. They could certainly handle the training course at VMI.
VMI has an important network of graduates in leadership positions. That alumni network makes a degree from VMI more valuable than a degree from the new women’s college.

16. What do you think?
Based on the facts you have seen heard and uncovered about this case, do you believe that VMI was within their right to have separate campuses for women, or do you believe the supreme court was correct in their decision?