1. Bell Work: Acids and Bases
Acids and bases ( are / are not ) solutions.
( H+ / OH- ) ions are dissociated from acids.
( Acids / Bases / both ) can be extremely dangerous.
Name an acid you encounter every day.
Name a base you encounter every day.

2. Acids and Bases

3. Acids and bases only form when dissolved in water to form a solution!
HCl (g) = hydrogen chloride gas
HCl (aq) = hydrogen chloride gas dissolved in water; the new name is hydrochloric acid
HCl

4. ACIDS BASES Neutral Substances
vinegar, milk, soda, aspirin, citrus fruits
ammonia, lye, antacid, baking soda
Neutral
Substances
pH 7
Equal [H+] = [OH-]
pure water

5. PHYSICAL Properties of Acids
sour taste
can burn
soluble in water
conductive (electrolyte)
pH (more H+ than OH-) 14 7
INCREASING
ACIDITY
INCREASING
BASICITY
NEUTRAL

6. PHYSICAL Properties of Bases
bitter taste
can burn
soluble in water
conductive (electrolyte)
dissolves fats and oils
slippery
pH (more OH- than H+) 14 7
INCREASING
ACIDITY
INCREASING
ALKALINITY
NEUTRAL

7. CHEMICAL Properties of Acids
react with (corrode) metals
react with bases
reacts with carbonates (limestone)
Corrosive

8. CHEMICAL Properties of Bases
react with acids
are caustic
Can eat through hair

9. According to Arrhenius:
Acids and Bases
According to Arrhenius:
Acids have hydrogen (H+) or
hydronium (H3O+) ions in solution
2. Bases have hydroxide (OH-) and metallic ions in solution – must be “OH” TOGETHER!
Alkaline is a term that refers to a base.

10. Identify each as an acid or base according to Arrhenius:
HCl
2. H3PO4
3. NaOH
4. Ca(OH)2
5. NH3
= acid
H+ ion present
= acid
OH not together
= base
OH IS together
= base
OH IS together
= base
= neither
WHY????

11. Acids and Bases According to Bronsted-Lowry:
1. Acids are hydrogen donors
 they form a conjugate base
2. Bases are hydrogen acceptors
 they form a conjugate acid

12. 1. HF / H2Se / 3. H3PO4 / F - HSe- H2PO4-
Identify the conjugate base for each of the following acids.
Remember: Acids donate/give away hydrogen!
1. HF /
H2Se /
3. H3PO4 /
F -
HSe-
H2PO4-
Type of Acid?
Monoprotic
Polyprotic & diprotic
Polyprotic &
triprotic
Polyprotic - an acid with more than one H+
Monoprotic - an acid with one H+

13. This is so easy I’m doing a happy dance!
Identify the conjugate acid for each of the following bases.
Remember: Bases accept hydrogen!
This is so easy I’m doing a happy dance!
1. Br /
2. HSO4- /
3. CO32- /
HBr
H2SO4
HCO3-

14. Identify acid, base, conjugate acid and conjugate base.
HF + H2O  H3O+ + F-
acid
conj.
base
conjugates always on this side
ALWAYS LOOK TO SEE HOW THE REACTANTS CHANGED!

15.  H2SO3 + H2O  HSO3- + H3O+ Example #1: CONJUGATE ACID BASE
donates hydrogen
BASE
accepts hydrogen
CONJUGATE
ACID

16. H2PO4 + H2O  H3PO4+ + OH- Example #2: BASE accepts hydrogen CONJUGATE
ACID
donates hydrogen
BASE
accepts hydrogen
CONJUGATE
ACID