1. Unifying Italy
Ch. 10 section 3 notes

2. Division of Italy Italy was divided in 1814 into 30 states
They were controlled by Austria, France, and Spain

3. What did Giuseppe Mazzini do?
Many people in Italy had strong nationalist feelings
He founded Young Italy –secret society
1848 revolts broke out led by Giuseppe Mazzini
Mazzini’s rebellion failed
For the next 20 years, France controlled Rome

4. Giuseppe Mazzini

5. Mazzini
Ended up spending most of his life in exile plotting and dreaming of a united Italy
He is called the ‘Soul’ of Italian unity because he stood for its spirit and freedom
He is also known as the ‘beating heart’ of Italy

7. What did Camillo di Cavour do?
Count Camillo di Cavour was the Prime Minister of Sardinia
Sardinia was the only Italian state ruled by Italy
In 1848 Sardinia declared war on Austria
Camillo figured out a way to end outside rule first

8. Continued He teamed up with France and together they defeated Austria
He planned to get two major powers to fight one another and leave Italy alone
He was called the “Brain” of Italian Unity

9. Camillo di Cavour

10. What did Giuseppe Garibaldi do?
Cavour united the northern states of Italy
He secretly helped nationalists in the southern states
In May 1860 a small army of Italian nationalists invaded Sicily
Giuseppe Garibaldi led them

11. Garibaldi

12. Garibaldi continued He always wore a red shirt in battle
His followers imitated him and their uniforms became the ‘red shirts’
He is called the “sword” of Italian unity

13. Who became Italy’s first king?
In March 1861, King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia became the first king of unified Italy
Rome became the capital
Part of Rome was set aside for the Pope’s use.
It is called Vatican City and is still the center of the Catholic Church today.

14. Victor Emmanuel II

15. Vatican City

16. Vatican City

17. Turmoil Victor Emmanuel II led Italy with a constitutional monarchy
It had a two part legislature in which the upper house was chosen by the king and the lower house was elected-very few were allowed to vote
Socialists organized strikes, anarchists wanted to abolish government

18. Turmoil continued Government started granting more suffrage to men
More laws passed to improve social conditions
To distract from the troubles at home, Italy will set out to invade Ethiopia

19. Economic progress Italy will develop and industrialize
Population explosion of this time resulted in the emigration of many Italians to U.S., Canada, and Latin America