1. Constructions with se

2. Previously…
You have already learned how to use se as the third-person reflexive pronoun. Ex. Él se despierta. / Ellos se visten. / Ella se baña. Se can also be used to form constructions in which the person performing the action is not expressed or is de-emphasized.

3. Se + verb
In Spanish, verbs that are not reflexive can be used with se to form statements in which the person performing the action is not defined. Ex. Se habla español en Costa Rica. / Spanish is spoken in Costa Rica. Se puede leer en la clase. / You can read in the classroom. Se hacen operaciones aquí. / They perform operations here. Se necesitan medicinas enseguida. / They need medicine right away.

4. ¡Importante!
Note that the third person singular verb form is used with singular nouns and the third person plural form is used with plural nouns. Ex. Se vende ropa. Ex. Se venden camisas.

5. Uses of se…
You often see se in signs, advertisements, and directions.

6. ¡Vamos a practicar! Traduce las siguientes frases
Se necesitan doctores
Doctors needed
Headaches prohibited
Nurses sought
Spanish is spoken
Books sold
Students needed
No talking
Do not dance
Se prohiben dolores de cabeza
Se buscan enfermeras
Se habla español
Se venden libros
Se necesitan estudiantes
Se prohibe hablar
Se prohibe bailar

7. Los adverbios

8. Adverbs
Adverbs are words that describe how, when, and where actions take place. They can modify verbs, adjectives, and even other adverbs. The most common adverbs end in –mente, equivalent to the English ending –ly. Ex. verdaderamente: truly, really Ex. generalmente: generally Ex. simplemente: simply

9. Forming adverbs Ejemplos: Seguro →segura→seguramente
To form adverbs, add –mente to the feminine form of the adjective. If the adjective does not have a special feminine form, just add –mente to the standard form.
¡Atención! Adjectives do not lose their accents when adding –mente.
Ejemplos:
Seguro →segura→seguramente
fabuloso→fabulosa→fabulosamente
enorme→enormemente
fácil→fácilmente

10. Examples
Adverbs that end in –mente generally follow the verb, while adverbs that modify an adjective or another adverb precede the word they modify. Ex. Claudia baila maravillosamente. Claudia dances wonderfully. Ex. Manolo está casi siempre ocupado. Manolo is almost always busy.

11. realmente
maravillosamente
constantemente
frecuentemente
normalmente
gradualmente
tranquilamente
básicamente
perfectamente
regularmente
afortunadamente