1. A burning need to redefine airways disease: Biomass smoke exposure identified as a unique risk factor for asthma–chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap in low- and middle-income countries 
Amir A. Zeki, MD, MAS, Cameron H. Flayer, BS, Angela Haczku, MD, PhD 
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 
Volume 143, Issue 4, Pages (April 2019)
DOI: /j.jaci
Copyright © 2018 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
Risk factors for ACO vary by geographic area. Risk factors for ACO (bubbles) from 6 major epidemiologic studies (identified by numbers in yellow squares, as listed below) are superimposed on a geographic map of the world that is colored by income group. Morgan et al9 showed that patients with ACO from South America tended to be male and smoked more, whereas participants from Africa tended to be younger, less obese, and exposed to more biomass and have less education. Patient participants with ACO from Asia had less obesity, were exposed to more biomass smoke, and had less education than others in the study. 1, Morgan et al: South America, Uganda, Bangladesh9; 2, Menezes et al: South America7; 3, de Marco et al: Italy6; 4, de Marco et al: Europe4; 5, Henriksen et al, Norway3; and 6, Chung et al: South Korea.5
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  , DOI: ( /j.jaci )
Copyright © 2018 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions