1. India Nationalism

2. Background
After WWII political changes across took place across the world
Colonies pushed for independence
Colonial powers questioned the practice of colonialism

3. Independence Indian resistance intensified during WWII
British enlisted India soldiers in the war
This humiliated India
Mohandas Gandhi launched a nonviolent campaign of noncooperation
The British imprisoned the Nationalists

4. Mohandas Gandhi Was a Hindu and practiced law in South Africa
Wanted Indian independence
Wanted to ended the caste system
Fought for the rights of both Hindus and Muslims

5. Mohandas Gandhi
Used nonviolence and noncooperation to achieve his goals
Gandhi said, “NO WAY, that is not fair!! Why should we have to buy back our own cotton cloth?! Let’s spin it ourselves!”
He dressed simply a made his own cloths
jailed for making his own cloths

6. Mohandas Gandhi He dressed simply a made his own cloths
Gandhi Movie
SALT
Mohandas Gandhi
He dressed simply a made his own cloths
jailed for making his own cloths
Next he had his people go to the sea and make their own salt
The English beat him and his followers and put them in jail
They continued until the English gave up
Non-violent acts of defiance

7. Two Religions
India was home to 350 million Hindus & 100 million Muslims
Congress Party – India’s national political party, most member were Hindus
Muslim League – founded to protect Muslim’s interests in India
Muhammad Ali Jinnah – leader of the Muslim League

8. Freedom and Turmoil British had huge war debt after WWII
It was too expensive to maintain colonies
The British wanted to give India power
But who should get the power?

9. Partition and Bloodshed
Muslims resisted attempts become part of a government that was dominated by Hindus
Riots between Hindus and Muslims broke out
One city had 5,000 dead
Gandhi fasted in protest until the fighting stopped

10. Partition and Bloodshed
The Muslims wanted a partition
The British felt that this was the only way to ensure peace
Partition – the division of India into separate Hindu and Muslim nations In 1947
Pakistan for Muslims
India for Hindus

11. Partition and Bloodshed
The British passed the act on July 16, 1947
India and Pakistan were independent
Many people had to decide where to go
Government officials
Native Princes
Military units
Railroad companies
Police
Hindus
Muslims
Sikhs

12. Partition and Bloodshed
Summer of 1947, 10 million people moved in India
During the moving violence broke out between the different religious groups
Muslims killed Sikhs who were moving to India
Hindus and Sikhs killed Muslims who were moving to Pakistan
1 Million dead

14. Mohandas Gandhi
“what is there to celebrate” “I see nothing but rivers of blood”
He went to Delhi to plead for the fair treatment of Muslim refugees
While there a Hindu extremist shot and killed Gandhi on January 30, 1948
Millions showed up to his funeral
Assassination

16. The Battle for Kashmir Hindus and Muslims fought over Kashmir
Borders Pakistan
Majority Muslim
Ruled by Hindus
Both countries went to war over control of this region
Cease-fire signed in 1949
But both countries still fight over the region today
Kashmir

17. Gandhi
“a small body of determined spirits fired by an unquenchable faith in their mission can alter the course of history”
“be the change that you want to see in the world”
“man becomes great exactly in the degree in which he work for the welfare of his fellow-man”