1. 10T2K©
Atoms and bonds

2. Thing 1: Atoms
An atom is the smallest piece of an element.

3. Thing 2: Parts of an atom Atoms have three parts:
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Protons and neutrons make up the nucleus.

4. Thing 3: Protons
Protons are positively charged particles in the nucleus of an atom.

5. Thing 4: Neutrons
Neutrons are electrically neutral particles in the nucleus of an atom.

6. Thing 5: Electrons
Electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit around the nucleus.

7. Thing 6: Ions
An ion is an atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons.
Losing electrons makes a positively charged ion.
Gaining electrons makes a negatively charged ion.

8. Thing 7: Molecules
A molecule is a group of atoms connected by chemical bonds.

9. Thing 8: Covalent bonds
Covalent bonds are made when two atoms share electrons.
Covalent bonds are strong.
The bonds in a water molecule are covalent bonds.

10. Thing 9: Ionic bonds
The attraction between a positively charged ion and a negatively charged ion is called an ionic bond.

11. Thing 10: Hydrogen bonds
A hydrogen bond is a weak attraction between two polar molecules.
A polar molecule has a negative end (negative pole) and a positive end (positive pole).
Water is a polar molecule.