1. Ecology Review

2. What does the arrow between the grasshopper and the coyote represent?
a. energy flowing from producers to consumers b. energy flowing from consumers to producers c. energy flowing from the coyote to the grasshopper d. energy flowing from the grasshopper to the coyote

3. D

4. Three organisms on the food web have arrows pointing toward them but no arrows pointing away from them. This is because
a. they make their own food. b. they give energy to others. c. nothing shown eats them. d. they need no energy.

5. C

6. Three organisms on the food web have arrows pointing away from them and no arrows pointing toward them. They are
a. omnivores. b. herbivores. c. decomposers. d. producers.

7. D

8. The arrows on the food web show that
a. prairie dogs eat grass. b. deer eat prairie dogs. c. squirrels eat grass. d. squirrels eat coyotes.

9. A

10. When a parasitic worm invades an animal, who is the host?
a. the producer b. the animal c. the decomposer d. the worm

11. A

12. Suppose there were a bird that always sat on a horse's back and ate the insects that would bite the horse. What would this be an example of?
a. mutualism b. parasitism c. competition d. commensalism

13. A

14. Bears eat fruits such as berries and animals such as fish
Bears eat fruits such as berries and animals such as fish. They hibernate in the winter. They give birth to live young. Which of these terms applies to bears?
a. They are decomposers. b. They are at the bottom of the energy pyramid. c. They have a mutualistic relationship with berries. d. They are consumers.

15. D

16. In which relationship do living things help each other?
a. parasitism b. mutualism c. organism d. predator

17. B

18. What is an animal that catches and eats another animal called?
a. prey b. predator c. producer d. herbivore

19. B

20. What living things make food from sunlight?
a. consumers b. parasites c. decomposers d. producers

21. D

22. Animals that eat a variety of meats, fruits, and vegetables are
a. producers. b. carnivores. c. omnivores. d. herbivores.

23. C

24. Herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores are all
a. decomposers. b. producers. c. predators. d. consumers.

25. D

26. Limiting factors determine an area’s carrying capacity because
a. the number of animals is limited. b. ecosystems are small. c. animals need resources to survive. d. the number of animals is unlimited.

27. C

28. After one species disappears, the other species in the ecosystem
a. benefit. b. are thrown out of balance. c. die. d. are unaffected.

29. B

30. Young wasps are eating the tomato hornworm that is their host
Young wasps are eating the tomato hornworm that is their host. What is this an example of?
a. commensalism b. mutualism c. parasitism d. competition

31. C

32. The largest population an environment can support is its
a. carrying capacity. b. limiting factor. c. population. d. symbiosis.

33. A

34. One food web arrow goes from a prairie dog to a coyote, showing that
a. the coyote is bigger. b. the coyote eats the prairie dog. c. the prairie dog eats the coyote. d. the prairie dog is a producer.

35. B

36. Organisms that can make their own food from sunlight are called
a. decomposers. b. consumers. c. producers. d. carnivores.

37. C

38. What effect does biodiversity have on a community?
a. It makes destruction by insects impossible. b. It makes primary succession more likely. c. It enables species to survive in a desert. d. It enables the community to withstand changes

39. D

40. Coyotes prey on prairie dogs
Coyotes prey on prairie dogs. In order for the prairie dog population to survive, how many prairie dogs are needed compared to coyotes?
a. fewer prairie dogs than coyotes b. many more prairie dogs than coyotes c. about the same number of prairie dogs as coyotes d. there is no relationship between the number of prairie dogs and coyotes

41. B

42. If scientists are studying the egrets, herons, marsh crabs, and cordgrass, but not the water or rocks in a salt marsh, what level of organization would they be studying?
a. individual organism b. population c. community d. ecosystem

43. C

44. Two members of the same species fight over who gets a certain food
Two members of the same species fight over who gets a certain food. Members of different species try to take over a certain nesting area. These are both examples of
a. community. b. competition. c. mutualism. d. commensalism.

45. B

46. In a food web arrows point in just one direction because they show
a. which animal is bigger. b. which animals are related. c. how energy goes to the animal that is eating. d. how energy goes to the animal that is eaten.

47. C

48. Grass that gains energy from the sun is an example of a
a. consumer. b. parasite. c. decomposer. d. producer.

49. D

50. What do several different populations living together make?
a. a biosphere b. an organism c. a community d. an ecosystem

51. C

52. A bird eats a worm. Who is the predator?
a. the worm b. the bird c. both the bird and the worm d. neither the bird nor the worm

53. B

54. Grass is eaten by a prairie dog. The prairie dog is eaten by a coyote
Grass is eaten by a prairie dog. The prairie dog is eaten by a coyote. This is an example of
a. an abiotic element. b. an omnivore. c. a herbivore. d. a food chain.

55. D

56. Words to know
Fitness, survival of the fittest, ecology, environmentalism. Fitness level of 2, Keystone Species, Behavior, Top-Down Control, Bottom-Up Control, Generalist, Specialist, “Size of prey”, : Qualitative Defense, Model, Mimic, Dupe, Quantitative Defense, Mullerian mimicry, Batesian mimicry,