1. Could ATP7B Export Cu(I) at the Tight Junctions and the Apical Membrane? 
Ann L. Hubbard, Lelita T. Braiterman 
Gastroenterology 
Volume 134, Issue 4, Pages (April 2008)
DOI: /j.gastro
Copyright © 2008 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Topology of the Cu-ATPases, ATP7A (Menkes Protein) and ATP7B (Wilson protein).
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
Copyright © 2008 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Working model of ATP7B and copper trafficking in hepatocytes. As intracellular copper levels rise (lower half of cell, “High Cu”), ATP7B is sorted out of a post-TGN compartment into novel vesicles (red) that move toward the apical region. The vesicles accumulate copper through the activity of ATP7B in their limiting membrane. Periodically, the vesicles fuse with the apical PM, releasing copper content then bud back into the cytoplasm. Recycling continues until copper levels fall (upper half of cell, “Low Cu”), at which time vesicles containing ATP7B are retrieved back to the post-TGN.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
Copyright © 2008 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions