1. Control of Confounding of Genetic Associations in Stratified Populations 
Clive J. Hoggart, Esteban J. Parra, Mark D. Shriver, Carolina Bonilla, Rick A. Kittles, David G. Clayton, Paul M. McKeigue 
The American Journal of Human Genetics 
Volume 72, Issue 6, Pages (June 2003)
DOI: /375613
Copyright © 2003 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Directed graphical model for dependence-of-trait measurement and genotypes on admixture proportions and locus ancestry. Observed data (double-edged rectangles), stochastic nodes (ellipses), stochastic dependence (continuous arrows), and strata (single-edged rectangles) of individuals and loci, are shown.
The American Journal of Human Genetics  , DOI: ( /375613)
Copyright © 2003 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Effect of adjustment for population stratification on P values for association with skin pigmentation in African American. Loci for which unadjusted associations are significant at P<.05 are shown as shaded squares.
The American Journal of Human Genetics  , DOI: ( /375613)
Copyright © 2003 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
Effect of adjustment for population stratification on P values for association with skin pigmentation in African Caribbeans. Loci for which unadjusted associations are significant at P<.05 are shown as shaded squares.
The American Journal of Human Genetics  , DOI: ( /375613)
Copyright © 2003 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

5. Figure 4
Effect of adjustment for population stratification on P values for association with skin reflectance in Hispanic Americans. Loci for which unadjusted associations are significant at P<.05 are shown as shaded squares.
The American Journal of Human Genetics  , DOI: ( /375613)
Copyright © 2003 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions