1. AP Psychology Jan. 25th
Objective
Opener
Explore issues related to emotions and power of emotions through an article.
Motivation Quiz
Spread out

2. Emotion: Lie Detectors
Polygraph
machine commonly used in attempts to detect lies
measures several of the physiological responses accompanying emotion
perspiration
cardiovascular
breathing changes

3. Emotion--A Polygraph Examination

4. Emotion— Lie Detectors
Control Question
Aim to make anyone nervous (baseline)
Up to age 18, did you ever physically harm anyone?
Relevant Question
Did [the deceased] threaten to harm you in any way?
Relevant response greater than control response  Lie

5. Emotion-- Lie Detectors
Control
question
Relevant
(a)
(b)
Respiration
Perspiration
Heart rate

6. Emotion-- Lie Detectors
Percentage
Innocent
people
Guilty 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
Judged innocent by polygraph
Judged guilty by polygraph
50 Innocents
50 Theives
1/3 of innocent declared guilty
1/4 of guilty declared innocent (from Kleinmuntz & Szucko, 1984)

7. Emotion-- Lie Detectors
Lab
Emotion-- Lie Detectors
Is 70% accuracy good?
Assume 5% of 1000 employees actually guilty
test all employees
285 will be wrongly accused
What about 95% accuracy?
Assume 1 in 1000 employees actually guilty
test all employees (including 999 innocents)
50 wrongly declared guilty
1 of 51 testing positive are guilty

8. Expressed Emotion How do we decipher people’s emotions?
body language
tone of voice
facial expressions
Are these behaviors culture, gender bound?
How good are we in detecting true or false emotions?

9. Nonverbal Communication
People more speedily detect an angry face than a happy one

10. Nonverbal Communication
We read fear and anger mostly from eyes, happiness from the mouth
Experience influences how we perceive emotions
physically abused children are quicker to pick out the angry face than non abused children
At what point does the person morph into fear?

11. Gender Differences
Women generally surpass men at reading people’s emotional cue
Spotting lies
Greater emotional literacy
Greater emotional responsiveness to positive and negative situations
More empathic…more likely to express empathy

12. Expressed Emotion: Gender Differences
Gender and expressiveness
Men
Women
Sad Happy Scary
Film Type 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2
Number of
expressions

13. UNIVERSAL FACIAL EXPRESSIONS
Definition
number of specific inherited facial patterns or expressions that signal inherited facial patterns or expressions that show specific feelings or emotional states, such as a smile signaling a happy state
Number of expressions (seven)
Cross culture
Anger, sadness
Happiness, fear
Surprise, disgust
Contempt

14. Which smile is feigned, which is natural?
Detecting Emotions
Facial muscles reveal signs of emotion.
Difficult to detect expression of deceit
Absence of verbal or emotional cues makes detection difficult
Which smile is feigned, which is natural?
How can you tell?

15. Expressed Emotion
Culturally universal expressions

16. Quiz Yourself!
Number 1-10 and choose the correct emotion for each expression.

17. Embarrassment
Fear
Surprise
sadness

18. Flirtatiousness
Interest
Happiness
Politeness

19. Sadness
Pain
Anger
Disgust

20. Embarrassment
Sadness
Amusement
Shame

21. Pride
Contempt
Excitement
Anger

22. Fear
Interest
Surprise
Compassion

23. Sadness
Shame
Disgust
Contempt

24. Anger
Pain
Disgust
Sadness

25. Desire
Embarrassment
Flirtatiousness
Love

26. Shame
Anger
Sadness
Pain

27. How did you do?
If you want to try the whole quiz go to the website on the right.

28. People generally divide emotions into
Dimensions of Emotion
People generally divide emotions into
two dimensions.

29. 1 2 3 4 5 Not at all a little moderately quite a bit extremely
PANAS activity: copy the word and rate it based on the extent to which you generally feel that way, that is, how you feel on average.
Not at all a little moderately quite a bit extremely
Interested
Alert
Distressed
Ashamed
Excited
Inspired
Upset
Nervous
Strong
Determined
Guilty
Attentive
Scared
Jittery
Hostile
Active
Enthusiastic
afraid
Irritable

30. Add up your score for the following sets of words
Interested, excited, strong, enthusiastic, proud, alert, inspired, determined, attentive, and active
Distressed, upset, guilty, scared, hostile, irritable, ashamed, nervous, jittery, and afraid

31. Results
If you scored higher on the first set of words you have a Positive Affect
If you scored higher on the second set of words you have a Negative Affect
NA, not PA is related to stress, poor coping, health complaints, and frequency of unpleasant events.
PA, not NA is related to level of social activity and life satisfactions, as well as to the relative frequency of pleasant events

32. Experienced Emotion
The Amygdala--a neural key to fear learning

33. Experienced Emotion Catharsis Feel-good, do-good phenomenon
emotional release
catharsis hypothesis
“releasing” aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges
Feel-good, do-good phenomenon
people’s tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood

34. Experienced Emotion
Moods across the day

35. Experienced Emotion
Changing materialism

36. Experienced Emotion Does money buy happiness? Average per-person
Year
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10% 0%
Average
per-person
after-tax income
in 1995 dollars
Percentage
describing
themselves as
very happy
$20,000
$19,000
$18,000
$17,000
$16,000
$15,000
$14,000
$13,000
$12,000
$11,000
$10,000
$9,000
$8,000
$7,000
$6,000
$5,000
$4,000
Percentage very happy
Personal income

37. Experienced Emotion Values and life satisfaction Importance scores
Money
Love
Life satisfaction
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
-0.2
-0.4
Importance
scores

38. Happiness is... However, Happiness Seems Not Much
Researchers Have Found That
Happy People Tend to
Have high self-esteem
(in individualistic countries)
Be optimistic, outgoing, and agreeable
Have close friendships or a satisfying
marriage
Have work and leisure that engage
their skills
Have a meaningful religious faith
Sleep well and exercise
However, Happiness Seems Not Much
Related to Other Factors, Such as
Age
Gender (women are more often
depressed, but also more often joyful)
Education levels
Parenthood (having children or not)
Physical attractiveness

39. Article Read your emotion and create a mini-poster
Include pictures and words that relate to your emotions
You will be present your emotion and its connection to happiness at the end of class.
On the back write 1 paragraph summarizing the point of your section. What is the connection to Happiness?
Music presentations Friday and Review
Exam Tuesday 1/31