1. More dramatic biological changes.
Macroevolution
More dramatic biological changes.

2. Macroevolution Examples
The origin of different species
The extinction of species
The evolution of new features like wings or flowers

3. What is a species?
A population whose members have the ability to interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

4. Definition of species Organisms of the same species:
Have similar function and structure
Can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
Are genetically distinct from other species
Have a common phylogeny (evolutionary development)
Have a common gene pool

5. TYPES OF EVOLUTION
Convergent

6. Convergent Evolution
Unrelated organisms evolve similar traits due to adaptations to similar environments

7. Divergent Evolution
related species become dissimilar

8. Divergent Evolution
common ancestor but adapted to different environments
Ex: Red fox and Kit fox

9. Coevolution
joint change in 2 or more species due to their interactions

10. Coevolution Ex: between predators and prey, parasites and hosts
Ex: bats and flowers
Ex: Hawkmoth and
flower

11. Understanding a phylogeny
a phylogeny shows evolutionary history
like an upside down pedigree chart
the diagram is called a cladogram
shows the evolution of related species

12. Cladograms
Speciation event
Ancestral lineage

13. --- unique history of B unique ancestor of C
Cladograms
A B C A B C
--- unique history of B unique ancestor of C
--- unique history of C common ancestor of B & C
--- shared history of B and C common ancestor of A, B, C

14. Clade
a group of organisms that includes a common ancestor and all the descendants
A clade
A clade
Not a clade
Not a clade

15. Example Sharks Ray-finned fish Amphibians Primates Rodents & Rabbits
Crocodiles
Dinosaurs & birds
Vertebrae
Bony skeleton
Four limbs
Amniotic egg
Pre-orbital fenestra