1. Polar versus Nonpolar

2. 2 Types of Covalent Bonds
Polar
Nonpolar

3. Nonpolar covalent bonds
electrons in the bond are shared equally between the two atoms
Examples:
identical atoms bonded together O2
C and H bonds

4. Polar covalent bonds
Electrons are not shared equally between bonded atoms
Electrons are pulled more towards one atom than another creating a dipole
Example:
HCl

5. Nonpolar Molecule Either made up entirely of nonpolar bonds
OR made of polar bonds that cancel each other out
Molecule has symmetrical shape
Example: CCl4

6. Polar molecule Contain polar bonds
Or contains a lone pair on the central atom
and not symmetrical in shape (bent)
Example: H2O
Lone pair of electrons occupies more space than a shared pair of electrons in a bond causing the molecule to not be symmetrical