1. Structure & Properties of Water

2. STRUCTURE OF WATER
UNIVERSAL SOLVENT
DENSITY
COHESION
POLAR MOLECULE
ADHESION
CAPILLARY ACTION
SURFACE TENSION

3. O STRUCTURE OF WATER 1 molecule of water isH H O
1 molecule of water is
made up of 2 hydrogen atoms
bonded with 1 oxygen atom

4. The bond that forms water
STRUCTURE OF WATER H H O
The bond that forms water
is a covalent bond

5. Hydrogen Bonds and Boiling Point
A hydrogen bond is a dipole-dipole force (one of kind INTERMOLECULAR FORCE) occurring when a hydrogen atom that is bonded to a highly electronegative atom (Fluorine, Nitrogen, Oxygen)
In general, compounds with hydrogen bonding have higher boiling points than comparable compounds.

6. Hydrogen Bonds and Density
Each water molecule forms multiple hydrogen bonds, so the intermolecular forces in water are strong.
When water forms ice, the ice crystals have large amounts of open space. Thus, ice has a low density.

7. Polar vs Non polar Covalent Molecule
A molecule that has electrically charged areas.
Also called a polar substance or polar compound.
Non-polar substances do not have charged ends _ +
DURACELL
DURACELL

8. + + O H -

9. POLAR MOLECULE
The positive hydrogen ends of 1 molecule are attracted to the negative end of the oxygen of another molecule. O H O H

10. POLAR MOLECULE
THE PROPERTIES OF: Cohesion, adhesion, universal solvent, capillary action, surface tension, density, boiling point ALL HAPPEN BECAUSE WATER IS A POLAR SUBSTANCE!

11. CAPILLARY ACTION
The combined force of attraction among water molecules and with the molecules of the surrounding material.
Cohesion + Adhesion

12. CAPILLARY ACTION

13. SURFACE TENSION

14. SURFACE TENSION

15. SURFACE TENSION
The tightness across the surface of water that is caused by the polar molecules pulling on one another.
Makes the surface act like a solid

16. UNIVERSAL SOLVENT

17. UNIVERSAL SOLVENT This is a nickname given to water.
Water dissolves LOTS of things.
Remember:
SOLVENT = the thing doing the dissolving
SOLUTE = the thing that dissolves away
Other polar molecules can be dissolved by water.
Why is water so good at dissolving things?
Because water is a polar molecule and is shaped like a wedge, it is able to break up substances into smaller pieces (dissolve).

18. NON-POLAR SUBSTANCES DURACELL
Non-polar substances DO NOT dissolve in water.
Can you think of some examples of non-polar substances?
DURACELL

19. COHESION
Because water is a polar molecule, it is attracted to itself.
Cohesion – is the attractive force between water molecules. O H O H

20. COHESION Water molecules like to stick to each other.
Rubbing alcohol doesn’t like to stick to itself as much as water.

21. ADHESION
Because water is a polar molecule, it is attracted to other substances.
Adhesion – occurs when molecules of water are attracted to other substances.

22. Adhesion is going on between the windshield and the water droplet.

23. ADHESION

24. Water molecules like to stick to each other.
COHESION
Water molecules like to stick to each other.
ADHESION
Water molecules like to stick to other things.