1. Remember from yesterday:
HOW DO THEY DO IT ???
Remember from yesterday:
9 p+
Lithium
3 p+
Fluorine
1s2 2s1
1s2 2s2 2p5
Chemically unstable atoms like Li and F will change their valence e- in order to gain stability by achieving a noble gas configuration

2. Ionic Bonding: One way that atoms attain noble gas config’s
Electrons are transferred from one atom (metal) to another (non-metal), creating a cation and an anion.
Why metals and non-metals?

3. Ionic Bonding:

4. Ionic Bonding: One way that atoms attain noble gas config’s
Electrons are transferred from one atom (metal) to another (non-metal), creating a cation and an anion.
Why metals and non-metals?
Metals have very low electronegativities (weakly attracted to electrons) while non-metals have very high electronegativities (strongly attracted to electrons)

5. Ionic Bonding: Lithium Fluorine
One way that atoms attain noble gas config’s
Electrons are transferred from one atom (metal) to another (non-metal), creating a cation and an anion.
9 p+
Lithium
3 p+
Fluorine

6. Ionic Bonding: Lithium Fluorine
One way that atoms attain noble gas config’s
Electrons are transferred from one atom (metal) to another (non-metal), creating a cation and an anion. +1 -1
9 p+
Lithium
3 p+
Fluorine
cation
anion

7. Ionic Bonding: Lithium Fluorine
One way that atoms attain noble gas config’s
Electrons are transferred from one atom (metal) to another (non-metal), creating a cation and an anion. +1 -1
9 p+
Lithium
3 p+
Fluorine
Coulombic attraction
cation
anion

8. Ionic Bonding: One way that atoms attain noble gas config’s
Modelling ionic bonds:
Draw a model that represents the e- transfer and ion formation of sodium chloride.

9. Ionic Bonding: One way that atoms attain noble gas config’s
Modelling ionic bonds:
Draw a model that represents the e- transfer and ion formation of magnesium fluoride.

10. Practice: (Pause the video, try on your own, hit play to check answers) Draw a model that represents the e- transfer and ion formation of aluminum nitride.

11. Practice: (Pause the video, try on your own, hit play to check answers) Draw a model that represents the e- transfer and ion formation of calcium phosphide.

12. Covalent Bonding
Electrons are shared between two atoms (both non-metals) and a molecule is formed. F F
9 p+
9 p+
Fluorine
Fluorine

13. Covalent Bonding
Electrons are shared between two atoms (both non-metals) and a molecule is formed. F F
9 p+
9 p+
Fluorine
Fluorine

14. Covalent Bonding
Electrons are shared between two atoms (both non-metals) and a molecule is formed. F F
9 p+
9 p+
Fluorine
Fluorine

15. Covalent Bonding
Electrons are shared between two atoms (both non-metals) and a molecule is formed. F F
9 p+
9 p+
Fluorine
Fluorine

16. Covalent Bonding
Electrons are shared between two atoms (both non-metals) and a molecule is formed. F F
9 p+
9 p+
Fluorine
Fluorine

17. Covalent Bonding
Electrons are shared between two atoms (both non-metals) and a molecule is formed. F F
9 p+
9 p+
Fluorine
Fluorine

18. Covalent Bonding
Electrons are shared between two atoms (both non-metals) and a molecule is formed. F F
9 p+
9 p+
Fluorine
Fluorine

19. Covalent Bonding
Electrons are shared between two atoms (both non-metals) and a molecule is formed. F F
9 p+
9 p+
Fluorine
Fluorine

20. Covalent Bonding
Electrons are shared between two atoms (both non-metals) and a molecule is formed.
shared pair of e-’s F F
satisfied octet
satisfied octet
9 p+
9 p+
Fluorine
Fluorine

21. Covalent Bonding
Electrons are shared between two atoms (both non-metals) and a molecule is formed.
shared pair of e-’s F F
9 p+
9 p+
Fluorine
Fluorine

22. Covalent Bonding
Electrons are shared between two atoms (both non-metals) and a molecule is formed.
shared pair of e-’s
Lewis Dot Structure F F
SINGLE COVALENT BOND
9 p+
9 p+
Fluorine
Fluorine

23. Covalent Bonding
Electrons are shared between two atoms (both non-metals) and a molecule is formed. F F F2
SINGLE COVALENT BOND

24. Covalent Bonding
Electrons are shared between two atoms (both non-metals) and a molecule is formed. F F F2
SINGLE COVALENT BOND O O O2
DOUBLE COVALENT BOND

25. F F N N O O Covalent Bonding
Electrons are shared between two atoms (both non-metals) and a molecule is formed. N2 F F F2
SINGLE COVALENT BOND N N O O
TRIPLE COVALENT BOND O2
DOUBLE COVALENT BOND

26. Covalent Bonding CH4 SO2 SF4 Rules:
1. Determine central atom and count total valence
2. Add in single bonds
3. Give octets to outer atoms first.
4. Give octets to central atom last.
5. Check for octets, make double and triple bonds if needed.
Covalent Bonding
More complex Lewis diagrams can be drawn a variety of ways …
CH4
SO2
SF4

27. 2. BF3 (Boron breaks the octet rule)
Rules:
1. Determine central atom and count total valence
2. Add in single bonds
3. Give octets to outer atoms first.
4. Give octets to central atom last.
5. Check for octets, make double and triple bonds if needed.
Covalent Bonding
More complex Lewis diagrams can be drawn a variety of ways …
Try on your own:
1. NH3
2. BF3 (Boron breaks the octet rule)
3. NO3-1 (An extra e- must be added)
4. BrF3 (Bromine breaks the octet rule)

28. Covalent Bonding
More complex Lewis diagrams can be drawn a variety of ways …

29. Covalent Bonding
More complex Lewis diagrams can be drawn a variety of ways …

30. Covalent Bonding
More complex Lewis diagrams can be drawn a variety of ways …

31. Covalent Bonding
More complex Lewis diagrams can be drawn a variety of ways …