1. Kinetic Theory and a Model for Gases
13.1
Kinetic Theory and a Model for Gases
The word kinetic refers to motion.
The ___________ an object has because of its ________ is called __________ ___________.
According to the ___________ theory, all ___________ consists of _________ ________ that are in _____________ _____________________.

2. Kinetic Theory and a Model for Gases
13.1
Kinetic Theory and a Model for Gases
According to kinetic theory:
The particles in a gas are considered to be small, hard spheres with an _______________ volume.
The motion of the particles in a gas is _______ , _________ and __________.
All collisions between particles in a gas are perfectly __________.

3. Kinetic Theory and a Model for Gases
13.1
Kinetic Theory and a Model for Gases
A. Particles in a gas are in rapid, constant motion.
B. Gas particles travel in straight-line paths.
C. The gas fills the container.
Gases share some general characteristics. a) The rapid, constant motion of particles in a gas causes them to collide with one another and with the walls of their container. b) The particles travel in straight-line paths between collisions. c) A gas fills all the available space in its container.

4. 13.1
Gas Pressure
Gas _____________ results from the force exerted by a gas per unit surface area of an object.
An empty space with no particles and no pressure is called a _____________.
_______________ pressure results from the collisions of atoms and molecules in air with objects.

5. 13.1
Gas Pressure
Gas pressure is the result of simultaneous ______________ of billions of rapidly moving particles in a gas with an __________.

6. 13.1
Gas Pressure
A _____________ is a device that is used to measure atmospheric pressure.
At sea level, air exerts enough pressure to support a 760-mm column of mercury. On top of Mount Everest, at 9000 m, the air exerts only enough pressure to support a 253-mm column of mercury. Calculating What is the decrease in pressure from sea level to the top of Mount Everest?

7. The SI unit of pressure is the _____________ (Pa).
13.1
Gas Pressure
The SI unit of pressure is the _____________ (Pa).
One standard atmosphere (atm) is the pressure required to support _______ mm of mercury in a mercury barometer at 25°C.

8. 13.1

9. Kinetic Energy and Temperature
13.1
Kinetic Energy and Temperature
Average Kinetic Energy
The particles in any collection of atoms or molecules at a given temperature have a ________ ___________ of kinetic energies. Most of the particles have kinetic energies somewhere in the ___________ of this range.

10. Kinetic Energy and Temperature
13.1
Kinetic Energy and Temperature
The red and blue curves show the kinetic energy distributions of a typical collection of molecules at two different temperatures. INTERPRETING GRAPHS a. Inferring Which point on each curve represents the average kinetic energy? b. Analyzing Data Compare the shapes of the curves for cold water and hot water. c. Predicting What would happen to the shape of the curve if the water temperature were even higher? Even lower?

11. Kinetic Energy and Temperature
13.1
Kinetic Energy and Temperature
_________ _____________ (0 K, or – °C) is the temperature at which the motion of particles theoretically ceases.
Particles would have ___ kinetic energy at absolute zero.
Absolute zero has ___________ been produced in the laboratory.

12. Kinetic Energy and Temperature
13.1
Kinetic Energy and Temperature
Average Kinetic Energy and Kelvin Temperature
The Kelvin temperature of a substance is _________ ______________ to the average kinetic energy of the particles of the substance.
In this vacuum chamber, scientists cooled sodium vapor to nearly absolute zero. To keep the atoms from sticking to the walls of the chamber, the scientists used magnetism and gravity to trap the atoms 0.5 cm above the coil in the center of the chamber. The coil is shown at about two times its actual size.