1. Verbal-Participial Phrase 2
Participial phrases begin with verbs ending with ing, ed, d, n, t.

2. 1
Several planes circled the airport, and they waited their turns to land.

3. Circling the airport, several planes waited their turn to land. 1
Circling the airport, several planes waited their turn to land.
Several planes, circling the airport, waited their turn to land.

4. Bob was looking at the snow, and he saw rabbit tracks.2
A girl was waiting for a bus, and she was carrying an umbrella.
Bob was looking at the snow, and he saw rabbit tracks.

5. A girl, carrying an umbrella, was waiting for a bus. 2
A girl, carrying an umbrella, was waiting for a bus.
Carrying an umbrella, a girl was waiting for a bus.
Bob, looking at the snow, saw rabbit tracks.
Looking at the snow, Bob saw rabbit tracks.

6. 3. Fred stood at the window, and he saw the lightning. (ing) 6
1. Mrs. Kerns held on to the purse- snatcher, and she shouted for help. (ing)
2. Mr. Day sued my father, and he claimed that the accident was his fault. (ing)
3. Fred stood at the window, and he saw the lightning. (ing)
4. The company expected a strike, and it bought a large amount of steel. (ing)
5. We walked along the shore, and we looked for a place to swim. (ing)

7. 1. Holding on to the purse-snatcher, Mrs. Kern shouted for help. 7
1. Holding on to the purse-snatcher, Mrs. Kern shouted for help.
Mrs. Kern, holding on to the purse- snatcher, shouted for help.
2. Mr. Day sued my father, claiming that the accident was his fault.
3. Standing at the window, Fred saw the lightning strike.
Fred, standing at the window, saw the lightning strike.

8. 4. Expecting a strike, the company bought a large amount of steel 8
4. Expecting a strike, the company bought a large amount of steel
The company, expecting a strike, bought a large amount of steel.
5. We walked along the shore, looking for a place to swim.
Looking for a place to swim, we walked along the shore.

9. A. Carrying an umbrella a girl was waiting for a bus.9
A. Carrying an umbrella a girl was waiting for a bus.
B. A girl was waiting for a bus carrying an umbrella
C. Carrying an umbrella, a girl was waiting for a bus.

10. A. Carrying an umbrella a girl was waiting for a bus. Error-Comma 10
A. Carrying an umbrella a girl was waiting for a bus.
Error-Comma
B. A girl was waiting for a bus carrying an umbrella.
Error-Dangling Modifier
C. Carrying an umbrella, a girl was waiting for a bus. Correct