1. Chemical Reactions

2. Chemical Reaction
A process that turns one set of chemicals into another.

3. Octet Rule
Chemical reactions occur because atoms are trying to get a full valence shell.
Usually eight

4. The chemicals you start with
Reactants
The chemicals you start with
2H2O2 2H2O + O2

5. The chemicals that you end with
Products
The chemicals that you end with
2H2O2
2H2O + O2

6. Law of Conservation of Matter
Since matter cannot be created nor destroyed, atoms are just rearranged.

7. Catalysts and Enzymes

8. Any substance that can speed up a chemical reaction
Catalysts
Any substance that can speed up a chemical reaction
Only changes the speed of the reaction, not the reactants or products!

9. How do catalysts work?
Catalysts lower the “activation energy” of the reaction.

10. Activation Energy
The amount of energy needed to activate, or start, a reaction

11. Enzymes
Special proteins that act as catalysts for living organisms.

12. Substrate
The chemical that the catalyst or enzyme bonds to

13. Lock and Key Model
Enzymes and their substrate must fit together perfectly – like a lock and key.
So, each type of enzyme
only works to speed up only
specific reactions.

14. Denatured Enzymes
An enzyme that has lost its shape and can no longer do its job.

15. What can cause an enzyme to be denatured?
Changes in temperature
Changes in pH

16. Water

17. The Importance of Water
Needed by ALL living things
Universal solvent
most chemicals dissolve in it
It is a polar molecule

18. Polar
Some parts of the molecule are more positively charged and others are negatively charged.
This is caused by
uneven sharing
of electrons.

19. And This Concludes The Last Notes Of The Semester
Get Your Happy Dance On!