1. Chapter 6: States of Matter
Chemistry
The Four States of Matter
Matter can be defined as anything that takes up space, has mass, and has inertia. Chemistry is the study of matter and its interactions. This is an introduction to the most basic categories of matter.
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

2. The Four States of Matter Four States Solid Liquid Gas Plasma
The most basic classification scheme of matter is based on the states of solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Of these the least discussed in most texts is plasma even though it is the most abundant of all states. 99% of all matter in the universe is plasma.
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

3. Chumbler - Properties of Matter
States of Matter
Solids
Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position.
Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume.
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

4. Solids Particle Movement Examples
States of Matter
Solids
Particle Movement Examples
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

5. Chumbler - Properties of Matter
States of Matter
Liquids
Particles of liquids are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another.
Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume.
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

6. Liquids Particle Movement Examples
States of Matter
Liquids
Particle Movement Examples
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

7. Chumbler - Properties of Matter
States of Matter
Gases
Particles of gases are very far apart and move freely.
Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

10. Will everything just be a gas?
But what happens if you raise the temperature to super-high levels… between 1000°C and 1,000,000,000°C ?
Will everything just be a gas?

11. Chumbler - Properties of Matter
States of Matter
Plasma
A plasma is an ionized gas.
A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields.
Plasma, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.
In a plasma the electrons have been stripped away from the central nucleus. Therefore, a plasma consists of a sea of ions and electrons and is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields. Electrons are separated from their respective nucleus when enough heat is applied. In a controlled thermonuclear fusion research, plasmas are heated to over 100 million degrees.
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

12. Some places where plasmas are found…
1. Flames

13. 2. Lightning

14. 3. Aurora (Northern Lights)

15. The Sun is an example of a star in its plasma state

16. STATES OF MATTER

17. Chumbler - Properties of Matter
Changes of States
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

18. Chumbler - Properties of Matter
Temperature
The measure of how hot or cold something is.
Measured in Kelvin (K) or Celsius (C)
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

19. Chumbler - Properties of Matter

20. Measuring Temperatures
Thermal Expansion: a substance increases in size due to increase in temperature
Absolute ZERO: The lowest temperature on the Kelvin scale which is 0 K. (About -459 F)
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

21. Description of Phase Change
PHASE CHANGES
Description of Phase Change
Term for Phase Change
Heat Movement During
Phase Change
Solid to liquid
Melting
Heat goes into the solid as it melts.
Liquid to solid
Freezing
Heat leaves the liquid as it freezes.

22. Description of Phase Change
PHASE CHANGES
Description of Phase Change
Term for Phase Change
Heat Movement During
Phase Change
Liquid to gas
Vaporization, which includes boiling and evaporation
Heat goes into the liquid as it vaporizes.
Gas to liquid
Condensation
Heat leaves the gas as it condenses.
Solid to gas
Sublimation
Heat goes into the solid as it sublimates.

23. Melting: Solid to a Liquid
Freezing: Liquid to a Solid
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

24. Vaporization, Evaporation, Boiling: Liquid to a Gas
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

25. Condensation: Gas back to a Liquid
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

26. Sublimation: Solid straight to Gas
Chumbler - Properties of Matter