1. Lecture 2
Memory
“Memory Principles: Part I”

2. Learning is a very complex
process.
Before we can remember, we must
first understand what we want to
remember.
2. Mental processes involve moving info.
from short-term to long-term memory
& then retrieving that information
when it is needed.

3. Information Processing Chart
OUTPUT
1. SENSORY INPUT
2. SHORT-
TERM
MEMORY
4. FEEDBACK LOOP
3. REHEARSAL PATH
6. LONG-TERM MEMORY
RETRIEVAL PATH
5. LONG-TERM
MEMORY

4. 1st Principle Twelve Principles to Help Increase Your Memory
(this lecture focuses on the first six; as we
go through each one, notice that I’ve reddened
and underlined the 1st letter of each principle)
1st Principle
is Selectivity…choosing what is
important to learn
Not possible or reasonable to
learn every detail or word
Reducing amount of information
that goes into memory system
simplifies the learning process.

5. 2nd Principle is Association…linking two or more items together
Memory search involves thinking
your way to info. you need by associating or
linking ideas together
EXAMPLE: Use HOMES to name the 5 Great
Lakes (HOMES is known as a
mnemonic device or memory
trick)
H—Huron, O—Ontario, M—Michigan, E—Eerie,
S—Superior
*As we continue through the 12 Memory Principles,
look for a mnemonic we can create from 1st letters.

6. 2nd Principle …continued Another cue is to ask yourself,
“What do I already know about this topic?”
Link new information with information you already
know.
After sufficient rehearsal, you will be able to
come up with new information whenever you access
the old information!
You should also do reverse rehearsal:
old information
new information

7. Turn to page 5 of your packet, Visualization
3rd Principle
is Visualization…the process
of making pictures in your mind
Info. that is mentally pictured is easier to recall
Process can be used for both printed words &
picture information
*You can add
to words, letters, or numbers
colors
to help yourself visualize them
*Visualize vocabulary phrases in form of objects,
scenes, or even complete story line sequences
Turn to page 5 of your packet, Visualization
Exercise.

8. 4th Principle is Effort…motivation &
determination are needed throughout info.
processing
Turn to page 6 of
Packet, Memory
List exercise.
*Taking information in, rehearsing it, and
then retrieving it from memory ALL
require great EFFORT!!!
…which is why you don’t see everyone
walking around with college degrees!

9. concentration enables you to receive sensory input
5th Principle
is Concentration…the process
of focusing your mind on only 1 task or item
Controlling your
concentration enables you
to receive sensory input
and process it more
efficiently.

10. 6th Principle is Recitation…the process of
verbalizing out loud what you are learning
or have already learned
1.Remember to use your
own words in complete
sentences.
2.Learn to be comfortable
with saying new info.
out loud.
3.Reciting keeps you
actively involved, which
equals better learning.
4.Reciting also prepares
you for class discussions
and tests on the topic.
Turn to page 7
of Packet,
Recitation
exercise.