1. Atrial natriuretic peptide attenuates Ca2+ oscillations and modulates plasma membrane Ca2+ fluxes in rat hepatocytes 
Anne K. Green, Olga Zolle, Alec W.M. Simpson 
Gastroenterology 
Volume 123, Issue 4, Pages (October 2002)
DOI: /gast
Copyright © 2002 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
ANP and SNP stimulate cGMP production in isolated rat hepatocytes. Isolated rat hepatocytes were incubated at 37°C in the presence of no treatment (■), 200 nmol/L ANP (♦), or 100 μmol/L SNP (●) for the periods indicated. Total cGMP levels were measured by enzyme immunoassay. Values represent the mean ± SEM of experiments from 5 independent hepatocyte preparations, each performed in triplicate. The significance of differences between means at each time point was assessed by the Student t test. *Significantly different from control (no treatment) at P < **Significantly different from both control (no treatment) and ANP-treated hepatocytes at P < 0.05.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /gast )
Copyright © 2002 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Neither ANP, SNP, nor 8-Br-cGMP elevate [Ca2+]c in single rat hepatocytes. Single aequorin-injected rat hepatocytes were superfused with phenylephrine, (A) ANP, (B) SNP, (C) or 8-Br-cGMP for the periods indicated by the addition bars. Although the cells responded to phenylephrine by the generation of [Ca2+]c oscillations, no elevation in [Ca2+]c was detected in response to ANP, SNP, or 8-Br-cGMP.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /gast )
Copyright © 2002 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
ANP attenuates [Ca2+]c oscillations in single rat hepatocytes. Single aequorin-injected rat hepatocytes responding to (A) phenylephrine or (B) ATP by the generation of [Ca2+]c oscillations were cosupplied with ANP for the periods indicated.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /gast )
Copyright © 2002 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

5. Fig. 4
SNP does not modulate [Ca2+]c oscillations in single rat hepatocytes. A single aequorin-injected rat hepatocyte responding to phenylephrine by the generation of [Ca2+]c oscillations was cosupplied with SNP for the period indicated.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /gast )
Copyright © 2002 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

6. Fig. 5
8-Br-cGMP attenuates [Ca2+]c oscillations in single rat hepatocytes. A single aequorin-injected rat hepatocyte responding to phenylephrine by the generation of [Ca2+]c oscillations was cosupplied with 8-Br-cGMP for the period indicated.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /gast )
Copyright © 2002 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

7. Fig. 6
Effects of ANP, SNP, and 8-Br-cGMP on the rate of Ca2+ efflux from rat hepatocytes. Ca2+ efflux from populations of intact rat hepatocytes was measured at 37°C by using fura-2 in the extracellular medium. The traces shown in A are representative of several experiments. SNP (100 μmol/L), ANP (200 nmol/L), or 8-Br-cGMP (100 μmol/L) were added where indicated by the arrow. The control trace shows the basal rate of Ca2+ efflux from hepatocytes, recorded in the absence of agonist. Calculated rates of Ca2+ efflux are shown in B; the mean Ca2+ efflux values are shown above each corresponding column and are expressed as mean ± SEM. The significance of differences between means was assessed by the Student t test. *Significantly different from control at P < The total number of experiments (n), shown below each column, was performed on populations of hepatocytes from at least 4 independent preparations.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /gast )
Copyright © 2002 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

8. Fig. 7
Effects of ANP, SNP, and 8-Br-cGMP on the rate of Mn2+ influx into single rat hepatocytes. Single fura-2 dextran–injected rat hepatocytes were superfused with 50 μmol/L Mn2+, (B) 200 nmol/L ANP, (C) 100 μmol/L SNP, or (D) 100 μmol/L 8-Br-cGMP for the periods indicated by the addition bars. Changes in fluorescence were recorded at the Ca2+ insensitive wavelength 359 nm. Fluorescence was normalized to the maximum fluorescence units. The traces shown in A–D are representative of several experiments. Calculated rates of Mn2+ influx are shown in E; the mean influx values are shown above each corresponding column and are expressed as mean ± SEM. The significance of differences between means was assessed by the Student t test. *Significantly different from control at P < The total number of experiments (n) is shown below each column.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /gast )
Copyright © 2002 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

9. Fig. 8
Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPS prevents attenuation of [Ca2+]c oscillations by ANP. Single aequorin-injected rat hepatocytes, responding to phenylephrine by the generation of [Ca2+]c oscillations, were cosupplied with Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPS and ANP for the periods indicated.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /gast )
Copyright © 2002 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

10. Fig. 9
Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPS prevents stimulation of Ca2+ efflux by ANP. Ca2+ efflux from populations of intact rat hepatocytes was measured at 37°C by using fura-2 in the extracellular medium. The traces shown in A are representative of several experiments. The control trace shows the basal rate of Ca2+ efflux from hepatocytes, recorded in the absence of ANP or Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPS. The 2 other traces show the effect of addition of ANP (200 nmol/L) where indicated by the arrow. The trace labeled ANP + Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPS shows the effect of addition of Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPS (25 μmol/L) at t = 0. Calculated rates of Ca2+ efflux are shown in B; the mean Ca2+ efflux values are shown above each corresponding column and are expressed as mean ± SEM. The significance of differences between means was assessed by the Student t test. *Significantly different from control at P < The total number of experiments (n), shown below each column, was performed on populations of hepatocytes from at least 4 independent preparations.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /gast )
Copyright © 2002 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

11. Fig. 10
Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPS prevents inhibition of Mn2+ influx by ANP. Single fura-2 dextran–injected rat hepatocytes were superfused with 50 μmol/L Mn2+, 25 μmol/L Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPS, and 200 nmol/L ANP for the periods indicated by the addition bars. Changes in fluorescence were recorded at 359 nm. Fluorescence was normalized to the maximum fluorescence units. The trace shown in A is representative of several experiments. Calculated rates of Mn2+ influx are shown in B; the mean influx values are shown above each corresponding column and are expressed as mean ± SEM. The significance of differences between means was assessed by the Student t test. *Significantly different from control at P < The total number of experiments (n) is shown below each column.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /gast )
Copyright © 2002 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions