1. Who ruled India and Pakistan before they became independent states?
Do Now:
Who ruled India and Pakistan before they became independent states?
What, if anything, do you already know about the independence movement?

2. The British Raj

4. Establishment of the Raj
East-India Company gained power and influence starting in early 1600s
- India still technically ruled by Mogul Empire
British government took direct responsibility for India in 1858
- Followed a revolt by soldiers of the East India Company
- Mogul Empire officially ended
- East India Company lost all real authority

5. What government technically controlled India until 1858?
Do Now:
What government technically controlled India until 1858?
What changed in 1858 and why?

6. Power Under Raj Europeans, especially British, had the highest status
- More rights
- Held highest ranks in the military
- Segregation
Respected the caste system
- Caste system remained but British above everyone

7. Power Under Raj Respected Established religions
- Two main religions at the time were Islam and Hinduism
Some areas still governed by local Indian rulers
- Still under authority of the British

9. Independence Movement
Some resistance to British rule from the beginning
Indian National Congress founded in 1885
- Supported greater rights and power in government for Indians
- Eventually began to support independence
- Divided over the methods they should use

10. Satyagraha Introduced to India by Gandhi in 1915
Satya: Truth Agraha: Holding Firmly Too
- Put together it means “truth force”
A form of non-violent direct action
- Directly challenges/acts against an opponent without harming them
Relies on the morality of opponent
- Trying to get opponent to realize they are wrong
Ends and means are inseparable