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Periodic Table Unit IV.

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Presentation on theme: "Periodic Table Unit IV."— Presentation transcript:

1 Periodic Table Unit IV

2 I History Mendeleev Moseley Arranged elements by their masses
Arranged elements by their atomic number Modern periodic table

3 II Arrangement of the Periodic Table
Groups Columns on the table 18 Groups Contain the same number of valence electrons Periods Rows on the table 7 Periods Use the same energy levels

4 Groups Periods

5 III Types of Elements

6 A. Metals Location Lower left side of the table Properties
Metals are malleable and ductile Metals are solids at room temperature except mercury Metals have luster Metals are good conductors Metals lose electrons and form positive ions

7 B. Nonmetals Location Upper right side of the table Properties
Nonmetals are brittle Nonmetals are gases or molecular solids at room temperature except bromine which is a liquid Nonmetals are dull Nonmetals are insulators Nonmetals gain electrons and form negative ions

8 C. Transition Metals Location Groups 3 through 12 Properties
Transition metals have multiple oxidation states Transition metals form colored ions

9 D. Metalloids Location On the “stairs” plus Ge and Sb Properties
Metalloids are brittle Metalloids are solid at room temperature Metalloids have luster Metalloids are semi-conductors Metalloids gain or lose electrons

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11 E. Noble Gases Location Noble Gases are in Group 18 Properties
Noble gases are inert which means they do not react Noble gases are monatomic Noble gases have filled outer energy levels 8 valence electrons (or 2)

12 IV Properties of Elements
Ionization Energy (IE) Amount of energy to remove an electron Atomic Radius ½ distance between two nuclei Ionic Radius Metals decrease in size Nonmetals increase in size Electronegativity (EN) Attraction for electrons Reactivity Metal activity increases as you go left and down Nonmetallic activity increases as you go up and to the right

13 V Groups Hydrogen Alkali Metals Group 1 Alkaline Earth Metals Group 2
Explosive in water Alkaline Earth Metals Group 2 Halogens Group 17 All nonmetals All phases of matter F2 and Cl2 (gas) Br2 (liquid) I2 (solid) Noble Gases Group 18 Do not react except the largest members

14 VI Trends As you go down a group As you go across a period
Atomic number increases Mass increases Valence electrons remain the same Energy levels increase Metallic character increases Nonmetallic character decreases Radius increases IE and EN decrease Atomic number increases Mass increases Valence electrons increase Energy level is constant Metallic character decreases Nonmetallic character increases Radius decreases IE and EN increase


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