1. Periodic Table
Unit IV

2. I History Mendeleev Moseley Arranged elements by their masses
Arranged elements by their atomic number
Modern periodic table

3. II Arrangement of the Periodic Table
Groups
Columns on the table
18 Groups
Contain the same number of valence electrons
Periods
Rows on the table
7 Periods
Use the same energy levels

4. Groups
Periods

5. III Types of Elements

6. A. Metals Location Lower left side of the table Properties
Metals are malleable and ductile
Metals are solids at room temperature except mercury
Metals have luster
Metals are good conductors
Metals lose electrons and form positive ions

7. B. Nonmetals Location Upper right side of the table Properties
Nonmetals are brittle
Nonmetals are gases or molecular solids at room temperature except bromine which is a liquid
Nonmetals are dull
Nonmetals are insulators
Nonmetals gain electrons and form negative ions

8. C. Transition Metals Location Groups 3 through 12 Properties
Transition metals have multiple oxidation states
Transition metals form colored ions

9. D. Metalloids Location On the “stairs” plus Ge and Sb Properties
Metalloids are brittle
Metalloids are solid at room temperature
Metalloids have luster
Metalloids are semi-conductors
Metalloids gain or lose electrons

11. E. Noble Gases Location Noble Gases are in Group 18 Properties
Noble gases are inert which means they do not react
Noble gases are monatomic
Noble gases have filled outer energy levels
8 valence electrons (or 2)

12. IV Properties of Elements
Ionization Energy (IE)
Amount of energy to remove an electron
Atomic Radius
½ distance between two nuclei
Ionic Radius
Metals decrease in size
Nonmetals increase in size
Electronegativity (EN)
Attraction for electrons
Reactivity
Metal activity increases as you go left and down
Nonmetallic activity increases as you go up and to the right

13. V Groups Hydrogen Alkali Metals Group 1 Alkaline Earth Metals Group 2
Explosive in water
Alkaline Earth Metals
Group 2
Halogens
Group 17
All nonmetals
All phases of matter
F2 and Cl2 (gas) Br2 (liquid) I2 (solid)
Noble Gases
Group 18
Do not react except the largest members

14. VI Trends As you go down a group As you go across a period
Atomic number increases
Mass increases
Valence electrons remain the same
Energy levels increase
Metallic character increases
Nonmetallic character decreases
Radius increases
IE and EN decrease
Atomic number increases
Mass increases
Valence electrons increase
Energy level is constant
Metallic character decreases
Nonmetallic character increases
Radius decreases
IE and EN increase