1. Early Origins of Male Violence – Summary of Day 1
James Blair:
Maltreatment & Brain Development
Ted Beauchaine:
Ontogenetic processes
Danny Shaw:
Prediction and Prevention
Adrian Raine:
Neurodevelopment

2. Maltreatment & Brain Development
James Blair:
Maltreatment & Brain Development
1. Different forms of aggression: different neural mechanisms, different treatment?
2. Striatum: enlargement and reward-seeking?
3. Empathy impairments: sex differences
4. Testosterone, aggression and context

3. Ontogenetic processes
Ted Beauchaine:
Ontogenetic processes
1. Neurodevelopmental model beginning with ADHD
2. Delayed maturation hypothesis:
Could this explain striatal enlargement in adulthood?
But what about reduced prefrontal grey?
Also ADHD girls: what is leading them to internalize aggression with self-harm? We have neural correlates (reduced striatum OFC, amyg to rewards) but what is leading to that, and why is that not true of males?
3. Are we waiting too long before we intervene?

4. Primary Findings from Pitt Mother & Child Project
Observed parenting quality, maternal depression, and other family stressors before age 3 are best predictors of persistent trajectories of antisocial behavior from ages
Beginning at ages 2-3, child issues with emotion regulation, oppositional and aggressive behavior, also consistent predictors of adolescent and young adult antisocial behavior.
Adolescent violent behavior best predicted by income, minority status, parenting, and child emotion regulation and conduct problems before age 3.
Results suggest targeting these behaviors in early childhood that are more malleable than others:
parenting, parent-well being and family stress, child emotion regulation and oppositional/aggressive behavior.

5. Summary and Next Steps: Implementations – where and with whom?
The Family Check-Up represents an effort to develop a model-driven preventive intervention during a critical developmental transition
The ESP help fill the chasm between basic and applied research by using a vehicle (FCU) to motivate parents to become more interested in their children’s early conduct problems and factors associated with their persistence
These are families who typically do not use community mental health services
2 to 12 year follow-up data from the ES Pilot and Multi-Site studies encouraging, but…
Clear that only a minority of children screened on the basis of risk for early-starting CP responded to FCU and that other contextual factors attenuate effects
We MUST! But how?
Targeted subgroup
or everyone?
Summary and Next Steps: Implementations – where and with whom? on
More than half
do not benefit

6. Prediction and Prevention
Danny Shaw:
Prediction and Prevention
1. Changing the lightbulb:
“want to change” to “motivated to change”
Motivated to loose wait, exercise more,
Q of life habits
- lightbulb: how to replace old habits with new habits
2. “Aggression comes before ADHD”
3. Improvements mediated by improved parenting / depression at age 2-3

7. Yours Truly: My Parting Shot Brain Imaging Research:
Bad brain, bad behavior
2. Basic Neuroscience Finding:
Omega-3 is critical for brain structure and function
3. Experimental Clinical Neuroscience Finding:
Omega-3 reduces aggression
Effect size for smoking and lung cancer d = .16
4. Clinical Implication:
Consider omega-3 supplementation to reduce aggression

8. The Audience 1. What about basic needs of impoverished families?
2. How will new neuroscience insights inform intervention?
3. Roles of bipolar disorder and depression