1. Louis XIV
The Sun King

2. The Printing Press Johannes Gutenberg (German) 1440
Goldsmith by trade invented the moving printing press
Main factor in the dissemination of ideas
Previously 40 books per day by hand now 3600
Begins the democratization of knowledge

3. Martin Luther (1483-1536) German Priest and Professor of Theology
Disputed that salvation could be bought with money (indulgences)
Bible is the only source of divine knowledge
Translated the bible from Latin to German
Personal relationship between God and his worshipper
Nailed his “95 Theses” to the church door
Began the “Reformation” and the “Wars of Religion”

5. Wars of Religion (1562-98) Between Catholic and Protestant
Triggered by Martin Luthers Reformation
Fought between rival houses in France
Very Divisive

6. The French Monarchy Henry IV
Prior to Henry taking the throne France was in the throes of the French Wars of Religion
Protestants (Huguenots) vs. Catholic
He was a protestant but converted in hopes of ending the fighting
It did not work so issues the Edict of Nantes

7. Edict of Nantes Calvinism vs Catholics in France
Gave rights to the Calvinists who where previously schismatic and heretics
Opened a path for secularism and tolerance
“Freedom of Conscience” to the people
Ended the “Wars of Religion” ( )

8. Calvinism Protestant “Predestination”
If you were rich and powerful it was because you were chosen by God to be
Very strict
Certain few were chosen for heaven

9. Louis XIII - Advisors Chief Minister Cardinal Richelieu
Wielded all the power
Wanted to strengthen the Kings power
Believed in trade
The beginning of the “Divine Right of Kings”

10. Louis “The Great” 1638-1715 Began rule at age 4 Ruled for 54 years
Attained the throne at age 4 – Mother Anne and Cardinal Mazarin ruled in his name

12. Louis XIV - Centralization
Sought to eliminate feudalism from France by establishing a centralized nation state
Invited nobles to live at the lavish Palace at Versailles
Reduced scheming and power mongering by taking them off their own land
Instituted strict hierarchy within society as well as his army
3 estates
Officers in army were appointed by Louis

13. Estates
1st Estate
Clergy
2nd Estate
Nobility
3rd Estate
Commoners

14. Louis XIV - Accomplishments
Increased the army from to
Gave them uniforms
Appointed Intendents to rule the provinces
Collected taxes, enforced laws, recruited soldiers
Built the Palace of Versailles
27 years to build
100 million dollars

19. Louis XIV - Accomplishments
Increased the army from to
Gave them uniforms
Appointed Intendents to rule the provinces
Collected taxes, enforced laws, recruited soldiers
Built the Palace of Versailles
27 years to build
100 million dollars
Extended France’s power through several wars
Dutch war
War of Spanish Succession

20. Jean-Baptiste Colbert (Financial Minister)

21. Jean-Baptiste Colbert (Financial Minister)
Mercantilist
trade improves
Believes the nation should be economically independent
New way of collecting taxes
Intendents
Introduced higher taxes
Encourages trade
New industries
Building of ships, roads, canals
Growth of colonies (New France, Canada)

22. Flaws in Louis XIV’s Government
Inability to raise enough money
Inability to accept religious differences
Repeals the edict of Nantes
Protestants leave France
Protestants very skilled people
Spent too much money