1. Characteristics of Living Objects

2. 6 Characteristics of Living Objects
1. Living things have cells
Cell
- The smallest unit of life
- Has a membrane
- Contains all components needed for life
Organism
- A form of life
- Made of 1 to trillions of cells

3. 2. Sense and Respond to Change
Stimulus
- Causes a reaction or change
Ex: Heat
Homeostasis
- Maintenance of a stable internal environment
- Requires a reaction from external environment
Ex: Sweating and shivering
Internal
- On the inside
External
- On the outside

4. 3. They can reproduce
- Involves two parents
Sexual Reproduction
- Offspring shares characteristics from both parents
- Involves a single parent
Asexual Reproduction
- Offspring is identical to the parent
Offspring
- The product or child from reproduction

5. 4. Contains DNA
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
- A molecule
- A copy of DNA is passed to the organism’s offspring.
- Controls structure and function of a cell
Heredity
- Passing of traits

6. 5. Use Energy
Life activities require energy
Metabolism
- Total of all chemical activities that occur in
an organism.
6. Grow and Develop
- Grow during some period in their lifetime
- May develop and change over time

7. The Necessities of Life

8. The Necessities of Life
1. Water
- Cells contain ~ 70% water
- Most chemical reactions require water
(Metabolism)
2. Air
- A mixture of gases including oxygen and
carbon dioxide
- Needed to release energy from food

9. 3. A Place to Live
- Contains everything needed to live
- Creates competition between organisms
4. Food
- Provides energy
- We break down food to get the nutrients
Producers
Make their own food

10. Consumers
Eat other organisms for food
Decomposers
Feed off dead organisms or their waste

11. Molecule
- A very small particle made of atoms
- Nutrients are made out of molecules
- The 5 major molecules found in living things
are Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids, ATP,
and Nucleic Acids
Element
- A small atom that can exist on its own
- The 4 major elements found in living things
are Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen

12. The 5 Major Molecules 1. Proteins -Large molecules made of amino acids
-Organisms break down proteins from food to
make proteins for their body
-Have many different functions in the cell.
Enzyme
- A protein that speeds up a chemical rxn

13. - Molecules made from sugars to store energy
2. Carbohydrates
- Molecules made from sugars to store energy
Simple Carbohydrate
- Made from one or few sugar molecules
- Made from hundreds of sugar molecules
Complex Carbohydrate
Plants store this in the form of starch. Potato = stored starch

14. 3. Lipids
- Compounds that can’t mix with water
Phospholipids
- Form the cell membrane
Lipids also come in the form of fats and oils
- When organisms use their stored carbs, they then use fats and oils for energy

15. 4. ATP
Adenosine Triphosphate
- Major energy source for cells
- Energy from carbs and lipids have to be converted to ATP to be able to be used.
- Large molecules
5. Nucleic Acids
- Subunits called nucleotides
- Contain all info required to make proteins
- DNA is a
nucleic acid