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How can people find happiness?
What makes some actions good and others bad? Is it better to obey the rules of society or follow your own judgement? Can we ever truly know anything?
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Classical Philosophy Began as debates about ___________ conduct and morality Sought universal ________________ about how human beings and the universe worked Some early philosophers paved the way for __________________________________ While Rome also produced some philosophers, they all built upon the foundations laid by the great Greek philosophers: Socrates, ________ and Aristotle
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socrates Questioned all generally _____________________ ideas
Made _________________ of powerful people in Athens Spent life searching for someone who _________________________ Believed in a ______ and that all people should strive for goodness Tried to _______________ good morals and a “good life” Lived in Athens ( BCE) Lived in poverty Wandered the streets of Athens engaging people in philosophic debates Left no writings
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THE SOCRATIC METHOD Used ______________________ method for discussions
He asked _________________ _________________ responded Then used _______________ to show the student the flaws in his response, gaps in his knowledge or unanswered parts of the question He questioned everything including the existence of multiple gods, which eventually got him charged with atheism He was foreced to commit suicide by drinking hemlock
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PLATO Socrates’ _____________ student
We know about Socrates’ ideas because he was the central figure in _____________________ Established The Academy where he taught philosophy and ______ The Republic is the first work of political science and argues that only ________________________ can be just rulers Idea of “the Good” influenced Christian thinkers because it’s similar to their ideas about _____ BCE Some have said that all later philosophy is merely footnotes to Plato
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ARISTOTLE ______________ student Tutor to ______________________
Began his own ______: The Lyceum Interested in philosophy, but also biology, _______________, physics and psychology Collected and classified many plants and animals, laying the foundation for _________________ Believed a ____________________ must be tested (part of modern scientific method) BCE TRY OUT SOCRATIC METHOD: How can people find happiness? What makes some actions good and others bad? Is it better to obey the rules of society or follow your own judgement? Can we ever truly know anything? Is censorship ever permissible? What is the meaning of life?
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