1. WHAP CHAPT 5
China Qin and Han

2. Qin and Han End of Zhou Dynasty referred to as “Warring States Period”
3 influential belief systems developed
1) Legalism- Humans naturally evil, obey authority through fear or force. Strict laws, harsh punishments, and sacrifice of personal freedom needed for good of state.

3. Qin and Han
Daoism- Founded by Laozi. Follow Dao “the path”. Political and military ambitions are wasteful, instead retreat to nature.
Confucianism- hierarchal relationships needed for orderly society. Responsibilities based upon social role= Family is foundation for society and stresses duty and courtesey.

4. Han Fei, Laozi, Confucius

5. Qin and Han
Qin army takes control due to organization and iron weapons
New strong central authority- king declares himself the first emperor (Shi Huangdi) BCE
Adapts legalism and uses an organized bureaucracy (non-hereditary), builds roads/ canals (increase trade)and begins construction on Great Wall of China
Emperor persecutes critics (confucians) and orders books on philosophy, ethics, history and literature burned. Scholars who disagreed buried alive or sent to work on wall.

6. Qin and Han
Standardized writing script (Shang), laws, currency. Peasants can own land. Empire expanded (south and east).
Han Dynasty ( CE) Founded by Liu Bang
Embrace of Confucianism over Legalism
Han Wudi ( BCE) Forces nobles to divide land among sons. Wudi rule prosperous- Pax Sinica (Chinese Peace)
Empire expands (northern Korea conquered)

7. Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta Army

8. Qin and Han
Emperor lives in forbidden city (only family, servants, close advisors allowed)
Most important export was silk (production secret gives China silk monopoly) Silk Road network. Paper invented, accurate calendar, improved farming techniques.
Scholar bureaucrats (Shi) most highly regarded- Merchants not well respected
University founded at Xi’an to prepare young scholars for bureaucracy- examinations based on Confucian texts (civil service exam) Highest scores got best jobs (no longer hereditary)

9. Forbidden City

10. Qin and Han 3 social classes of Han
Scholar gentry – wealth derived from land holding and positions in government. Wealth gives advantage for sons to focus on training for government positions (open to everyone)
Free citizens- peasants, some who own small plots of land others who pay landlord. (forced work on government projects, army)

11. Qin and Han
Underclass- bandits, beggars, skilled artisans,foreigners, slaves (limited compared to Rome, mostly servants)
Arranged marriages- women subordinate
Art includes:
Jade/ivory carvings
Woven silk screens
Calligraphy

12. Qin and Han Scientific experimentation- acupuncture
Han Dynasty ends 220 C.E.
Decline Reasons
Difficulty defending border
Protection from invasion expensive
Aristocracy increases wealth/power
Corruption/ inefficacy in government
Peasant uprisings (Yellow Turban Rebellion) several million die.
Disease ( smallpox, measles, etc.) spread on silk road decimates China’s population (perhaps by ¼).