1. More on the Period Table: Metals + Determining Shells and Valence Electrons
Chapter 4 Section 3

2. Periods Each row is called a “period”
The elements in each period have the same number of “shells”
1st Period = 1 Shell
2nd Period = 2 Shells
3rd Period = 3 Shells
4th Period = 4 Shells

3. Groups Group 8 = 8 electrons Group 1 = 1 electron
Except for He, it has 2 electrons
Group 2 = 2 electrons
Each column is called a “group”
3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Each element in a group has the same number of electrons in their outer orbital, also known as “shells”.
The electrons in the outer shell are called “valence electrons”

4. Determine the number of shells and the number of valence electrons for:
Carbon - C
2nd Period = 2 shells
4th Group =
4 valence
electrons

5. Determine the number of shells and the number of valence electrons for:
Sodium - Na
3rd Period = 3 shells
1st Group =
1 valence
electron

6. Ne
Name the element.
Number of shells ?
Valence electrons ?

7. Ne Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ? Neon
2nd Period = 2 shells
8th Group = 8 valence
electrons

8. H
Name the element.
Number of shells ?
Valence electrons ?

9. H Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ? Hydrogen
1st Period = 1 shell
1st Group = 1 valence
electron

10. Be
Name the element.
Number of shells ?
Valence electrons ?

11. Be Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ? Beryllium
2nd Period = 2 shells
2nd Group = 2 valence
electrons

12. S
Name the element.
Number of shells ?
Valence electrons ?

13. S Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ? Sulfur
3rd Period = 3 shells
6th Group = 6 valence
electrons

14. K
Name the element.
Number of shells ?
Valence electrons ?

15. K Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ? Potassium
4th Period = 4 shells
1st Group = 1 valence
electron

16. He
Name the element.
Number of shells ?
Valence electrons ?

17. He Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ? Helium
1st Period = 1 shell
8th Group = 2 valence
electrons
Helium is the exception in Group 8.
Since it has just one shell, that shell can only fit 2 electrons instead of 8.
It is in this group because all the elements have a full outer shell.

18. Properties of Metals Malleable Ductile Thermal Conductivity
a material that can be pounded, molded into shapes
Ductile
a material that can be pulled into a long wire
Thermal Conductivity
the ability of an object to transfer heat
Electrical Conductivity
the ability of an object to transfer electricity
Reactivity
how easily a substances reacts with other substances
Corrosion
The gradual wearing away of metal due to chemical reaction