1. Transport

2. Transport (def)
The absorption of materials into the cells and distribution of materials within the cells and throughout the organism (circulation)
A. Absorption – the passage of materials through a cell membrane into the cytoplasm of the cell

3. The Cell Membrane
Structure of the cell membrane
a. consists of lipids and proteins
b. 2 layers of lipids with proteins within it
a. Fluid Mossaic Model is used
to represent the C.M.

4. The Cell Membrane

5. Properties of the Cell Membrane
Allows the passage of many small particles (water, gases, dissolved ions, nutrients)
These all pass by diffusion
Large molecules like starch, Fats, proteins are too large to pass through
They must first be Chemically Digested and this is aka….

6. 3. The Funtions of the Cell Membrane
a. Selectively regulates the passage of materials in and out of the cell – the bouncer!
b. Does it prevent all harmful substances from entering the cell?
c. Helps to regulate homeostasis of the cell

7. Methods of transport across the cell membrane:
Particles = (O2, CO2, Food, Wastes)
Water = water
Diffusion (passive Transport) – the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration
a. Requires no energy

9. 2. Osmosis –
a. the diffusion of water from an
area of high concentration to an
area of lower concentration
b. Requires no energy

10. Notice that it is the movement of water

11. 3. Active Transport
a. the movement of particles across the cell membrane
b. from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration
c. energy required

13. Phagocytosis – the process by which the cell engulfs large particles using pseudopods (False Feet)
a. energy required

14. Pinocytosis (cell drinking)
a. The process by which dissolved particles are swallowed up by the cell
b. “pinching in” of the cell membrane
a. Energy required

15. Method of transport
Movement of what
Direction of flow
Energy Required

16. C. Types of Circulation
1. Intracellular circulation
a. The movement of materials
throughout the cell
b. Done by diffusion, Cyclosis
(cytoplasmic streaming)
2. Circulation within the organism
a. the passage of materials
throughout an organism

17. D. Adaptations for Circulation in Plants
Bryophytes (Lack Vascular tissue)
Tracheophytes (More Complex and have a true vascular network
Xylem
Phloem
1. Made of dead cells
2. Transports water up the plant to the leaves
Made up of living cells
Transports water and food ( )
down

18. Transport in roots
Adapted to anchor the plant and to absorb water
Growth of the root is by cell division ( ) at the root tip
Root Hairs- inc. surface are for maximum water absorption and to anchor the plant in the ground

19. onion root tip

20. Mitosis in the onion root tip

22. 2. Transport in Stems
Also contains Xylem and Phloem
Supports the leaves for inc. light exposure for photosynthesis

23. 3. Transport in Leaves
Transport throughout the leaves is done by the vascular tissue contained in the vascular bundles

24. Mechanisms of transport in the xylem
(3 types listed weakest to strongest)
Root pressure- forces of osmosis and active transport creates a pressure inside the root cells
Capillary action (Stems)
1. the ability of water to rise in narrow tubes

27. Transpiration pull
1. As water evaporates from the airspaces of the leaves (stomates), this creates an upward force that draws the water up from the roots and through the stems
2. Strongest acting force to draw water up the plant

28. Mechanisms of transport in the xylem
Root Hairs- inc. surface are for maximum water absorption and to anchor the plant in the ground

30. Adaptations for Transport in
Animals and Protozoans
Protozoans (Amoeba and Paramecium)
Water in the environment acts as the
transport medium
2. Absorption occurs directly across the
cell membrane by diffusion and osmosis
3. Circulation within is by
Cytoplasmic Streaming (Cyclosis)

32. 2. Hydra
a. All cells are in direct contact with the
watery environment
b. Absorption occurs into each cell by
diffusion and osmosis

33. a. Many cells are not in direct contact with
3. Earthworm
a. Many cells are not in direct contact with
the environment
b. Nutrients, O2 and Wastes are transported
by fluid called blood
1. contains hemoglobin (Like Human)
a. carries O2 and CO2
c. has a closed circulatory system (like human)
d. Aortic Arches (5 Hearts)} to pump the blood
e. O2 is absorbed through the moist skin
covered with mucous

35. a. Has an open circulatory system that carries
4. Grasshopper
a. Has an open circulatory system that carries
blood into an open space-sinus
b. Blood is not adapted to transport gases
1. no hemoglobin
c. blood is pumped by a Dorsal Pulsating
Blood Vessel