1. Ocean Characteristics and Technology

2. Salinity
Salinity - the total amount of salt material dissolved in water
Comes from:
Eroding Land
Reactions at sea floor
Volcanic Emissions
**1**

3. Temperature Changes Temperature difference in 2 dimensions:
Latitude (North vs. South) – Surface waters near equator > surface waters at poles
Depth – Deeper waters = colder (less sun!)
**2**

4. Gases in the Ocean Gases in ocean similar to that of atmosphere
CO2, N2, and O2
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide exchange
Photosynthesis = Make oxygen
Respiration = Make carbon dioxide

6. Phytoplankton Phytoplankton
Microscopic Organisms
Include algae
Do photosynthesis
Algal Bloom – When phytoplankton become so numerous they cover surface → Harmful!
Block Sunlight
Suck up all the nutrients

7. Sonar Using SOUND waves to determine depth and structure.
Length of time for waves to return = distance.
Longer Time = Deeper
Shorter Time = Shallow

8. Submersible Vehicles that can submerge, or go under water.
Robotic vs. Manned
Can be affected by pressure in the ocean

9. Manned Submersible ←
Unmanned Submersible →

10. What are Buoys? Floating devices used for:
Measure water properties (temp, pH, etc.)
Navigation markers
What are Buoys?

11. Challenger Deep
Descent