1. Pens and calculator

2. Lousy diets and exercise patterns lead to:
Final exam
Lousy diets and exercise patterns lead to:
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3. LECTURE 12A
WORLD HUNGER
21 NOVEMBER 2018

4. Undernutrition: a world health problem
insufficient diet or disease causes increased
nutrient needs
some diseases that interfere with the ability to
consume and utilise nutrients

5. Undernutrition: a world health problem continued Cycle of malnutrition
Malnutrition (in sense of lack of food) results in:
-low birthweight and infant mortality
-stunting-lack of energy, protein, iron, zinc
-infectious disease

6. Malnutrition cycle

7. Undernutrition: a world health problem continued Food shortage due to:
famine-cannot grow crops because of drought or people too weak due to hunger
overpopulation-food consumption greater than supply
cultural-genocide by starvation (one side starves out the other side)
economic-a weak economy means agricultural
infrastructure is poor resulting in poor food supply
household and individual poverty-cannot buy food
environmental contaminants-cannot eat bad food

8. Undernutrition: a world health problem continued
Solutions to world hunger
a) short term- feeding programmes
b) long term - next slide  

9. Undernutrition: a world health problem continued-solutions to world hunger
Long term solutions continued:
-sustainable agriculture-increase ratio of food to people
-population control-less demand on food supply
-economic solutions-growing the economy means better agricultural infrastructure and hence better food supply
-education-gives better jobs and ability to buy more food

10. Undernutrition: a world health problem continued
Solutions to world hunger
Long term solutions continued
-environmental
-maintaining water, land and air quality which are all key to adequate food production

11. Undernutrition: a world health problem continued
Solutions to world hunger-both short and long term
-providing right combination of nutrients
-nutrification-adding nutrients to food 
-supplementation-e.g. vitamins and minerals in tablet or capsule form

12. Overnutrition (also a form of malnutrition)
-as income increases there is shift from grains and fish to high fat, high salt, high simple carbohydrate prepared foods that result in:
type 2 diabetes (blindness and amputation possible)
atherosclerosis
stroke
hypertension
endstage renal disease
certain cancers (eg colon, prostate, breast)
gall bladder disease
liver disease (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease)
sleep apnea

13. palmitic acid - saturated-meat dairy products
stearic acid -saturated-meats, grains, dairy products
oleic acid -monosaturated-olive oil
linoleic acid - polyunsaturated-omega 6-ubiquitous
arachidonic acid – omega 6-found in significant quantities in land animal fats

14. gamma-linolenic acid
- polyunsaturated-omega 6-evening primrose, borage,black currant, seabuckthorn
and fungal oils
alpha-linolenic acid
- polyunsaturated-omega 3-flax,canola, seabuckthorn, black currant and some fungal oils

15. Dihomogamma-linolenic acid- polyunsaturated -omega 6
Eicosapentaenoic acid- polyunsaturated - omega 3-
fish and fish oil
Docosahexaenoic acid -polyunsaturated -omega 3-

16. Calculations
Values/gram
Alcohol 7 kcal/ 29 kJ
Carbohydrate 4 kcal/ 17 kJ
Fat 9 kcal/ 37 kJ
Protein carbohydrate 4 kcal/ 17 kJ