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Life depends on chemistry
The Nature of Matter Life depends on chemistry
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Atoms Atoms are the basic unit of matter.
They are the smallest piece of matter that keeps unique qualities. Nucleus – center section of the atom Orbitals – outer section of the atom
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Subatomic Particles Subatomic particles are the parts of an atom.
Three types: Proton Neutron Electron
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Protons Mass = 1 atomic mass unit (AMU) Charge = Positive (+)
Location = Nucleus The number of protons is equal to the atomic number on the periodic table. The number of protons determine which element an atom is.
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Electrons Mass = 1/2000 atomic mass unit (AMU) Charge = Negative (-)
Location = Orbital The number of protons is equal to the atomic number on the periodic table. Electrons determine the chemical properties of an atom.
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Neutrons Mass = 1 atomic mass unit (AMU) Charge =no charge (0)
Location = Nucleus The number of neutrons is equal to the atomic mass – the atomic number
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Isotopes Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different number of neutrons. Example One: All carbon atoms have 6 protons All carbon atoms have 6 electrons Carbon atoms can have 6, 7 or 8 electrons.
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Isotopes Example Two: All potassium atoms have 19 protons.
All potassium atoms have 19 electrons. Potassium atoms can have 18,19,20 or 21 neutrons.
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Compounds A compound is a substance formed by two or more elements in a definite proportion. H2O =Two hydrogen (H) atoms for one oxygen (O) atom. NaCl = One sodium (Na) atom for one chlorine (Cl) atom.
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Chemical Bonds Atoms in compounds are held together by chemical bonds.
Two types of chemical bonds Ionic bonds Covalent bonds
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Ionic Bonds Formed when one atom loses an electron to a different atom.
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Covalent Bonds Formed by atoms sharing electrons
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