1. Wednesday, September 9, 2015

2. Announcements

3. Agenda Finish writings from yesterday Finish Unit 4 Worksheet
CASAS Testing #1 after the break

4. Warm-up Review of yesterday’s modals Modal Verb Expressing
Example Sentence
Must/ have to
Strong Obligation
We must/ have to obey traffic laws.
Had to
Past Obligation
I had to turn in my application by 4:00 pm yesterday.
Had Better/ should/ ought to
Advice
You’d better follow the directions.
(If you don’t, something bad might happen).
Should have/ ought to have
Past advice- action didn’t happen
We should have studied for the quiz!
Shouldn’t have
Past advice- action did happen
They shouldn’t have come to the party. Your ex-girlfriend is there with her new boyfriend.
Don’t have to
No Obligation
We don’t have to exercise every day.

7. Note 6: Had better
Had better is like should and ought to but much stronger.
Use had better to give a warning that something bad or negative will happen if advice isn’t followed.
Ex. We’d better get going or we’ll be late.
Sometimes, it’s used in the past.
Ex. You’d better not have scratched my car. (You’re in trouble if you did).
Question form: Hadn’t we better get going soon?
Hadn’t you better avoid talking about politics during dinner?

8. Had better
Be careful when using had better. It is a strong expression and it can seem rude or impolite if not used correctly. It is usually used by people who have authority over others or with people you know very well.

9. Note 7 What is the difference between:
You have to have a license to drive. Requirement
You’re supposed to obey the speed limit. Expectation
To show expectations, we use be supposed to with the present and the past.
What does this mean: You are supposed to pick the kids up from school at 3pm.
What does this mean: You were supposed to pick the kids up from school at 3pm.
What does this mean: You weren’t supposed to pick the kids up from school at 3pm.
In the past, the affirmative (+) suggests that the action didn’t happen. The negative suggests that the action did happen.

10. Note 7
We can also use be to + base form in more formal English to express a strong expectation.
All employees are to attend the company office party.
You’re not to say anything about the surprise party.

11. Note 8
For soft suggestions, we use could or might + base form in the present or future.
You could/ might take them some chocolates.
You could/ might think about getting tutoring for extra help.
We can also use it with the past participle to make suggestions about past opportunities.
You could have/ might have taken some flowers.

12. Practice
Let’s take a look at the grammar in the reading on pp. 50 and 51

13. Exercise 5: Editing pp. 61

14. Listening: pp.62

15. Exercise: 8 Information gap

16. Exercise 9: discussion

17. Homework: pp. 66 Writing