1. Covalent Bonds

2. Covalent Bonds Covalent bonds occur when atoms share electrons.
Covalent bonds generally form between nonmetals.
Atoms that are covalently bonded form molecules.

3. Covalent Bonds
Covalent bonds occur at unpaired valence electrons on the outer shell for each atom.
Example: H2O has 2 bonds:
Before… After…
H O H O H H

4. Covalent Bonds
Covalent bonds create neutral molecules when they come together.
Diatomic atoms (only exist in pairs):
Cl2 S2
O2 H2
F2 Br2
N2 I2

5. Covalent Bonds Properties of Covalent Bonds: Low melting points
Low boiling points
Poor conductor of electricity
Between nonmetals and nonmetals

6. Sharing of electrons