1. Verbal-Participial Phrase 3
Participial phrases begin with verbs ending with ing, ed, d, n, t.

2. Annoyed by the smoke, the woman changed her seat. 1
The woman was annoyed by the smoke, and she changed her seat. (ed)
Model sentence:
Annoyed by the smoke, the woman changed her seat.
The woman, annoyed by the smoke, changed her seat.
The woman changed her seat, annoyed by the smoke.

3. 1. Ed threw himself on the grass, and he was exhausted from the race.2
1. Ed threw himself on the grass, and he was exhausted from the race.

4. Ed threw himself on the grass, exhausted from the race. 4
Ed threw himself on the grass, exhausted from the race.
Exhausted from the race, Ed threw himself on the grass.
Ed, exhausted from the race, threw himself on the grass.

5. The roads were covered with ice, and they were treacherous. (ed)3
The roads were covered with ice, and they were treacherous. (ed)

6. Covered with ice, the roads were treacherous. 6
Covered with ice, the roads were treacherous.
The roads, covered with ice, were treacherous.
The roads were treacherous, covered with ice.

7. 4. The book was autographed by Poe, and it brought a high price. (ed)5
4. The book was autographed by Poe, and it brought a high price. (ed)
The store does a big business, and it is located near a factory.
(ed-move to the front of sentence)

8. Autographed by Poe, the book brought a high price.6
Autographed by Poe, the book brought a high price.
The book, autographed by Poe, brought a high price.
Located near a factory, the store does a big business.
The store, located near a factory, does a big business.

9. Verbal- Participial Phrase 49
Verbal- Participial Phrase 4
Participial phrases begin with verbs ending with ing, ed, d, n, t.

10. 9
1.We visited an old church, and it was built before the American Revolution. (t)

11. 1. We visited an old church built before the American Revolution.10
1. We visited an old church built before the American Revolution.

12. 3. The audience grew restless, and they were bored by the long speech. 9
 2. We stayed at a delightful inn, and it is operated by the state (ed)
3. The audience grew restless, and they were bored by the long speech.
(ed-move to the front of sentence)
4. The trainer entered the cage, and he was armed only with a whip.
(ed-move to the front of sentence
5. Baseball was invented by Abner Doubleday in 1839, and it soon became a favorite sport. (ed)

13. 2. We stayed at a delightful inn operated by the state.10
 2. We stayed at a delightful inn operated by the state.
3.The audience grew restless, bored by the long speech.
Bored by the long speech, the audience grew restless.
The audience, bored by the long speech, grew restless.

14. 4. The trainer entered the cage, armed only with a whip. 13
4. The trainer entered the cage, armed only with a whip.
Armed only with a whip, the trainer entered the cage.
The trainer, armed only with a whip, entered the cage.
5. Invented by Abner Doubleday in 1839, baseball soon became a favorite sport.
Baseball, invented by Abner Doubleday in 1839, soon became a favorite sport.

15. A. The woman changed her seat annoyed by the smoke. 14
A. The woman changed her seat annoyed by the smoke.
Error-Dangling Modifier
B. Annoyed by the smoke. The woman changed her seat.
Error-Fragment
C. Annoyed by the smoke, the woman changed her seat.
Correct-Comma
D. Annoyed by the smoke the woman changed her seat.
Error-Comma