1. Both the number and the OX40L expression level of bronchiolar progenitors were increased by influenza infection. Wild‐type mice were intratracheally infected with a lethal dose of influenza A/H1N1 virus (Flu) or saline (Mock), and 7 days later, their lung cells and sections were evaluated
Both the number and the OX40L expression level of bronchiolar progenitors were increased by influenza infection. Wild‐type mice were intratracheally infected with a lethal dose of influenza A/H1N1 virus (Flu) or saline (Mock), and 7 days later, their lung cells and sections were evaluated ACell counts of OX40L‐positive cells in whole lung cells.BStatus of CD31 and CD45 expression in lung OX40L‐positive cells.CStatus of Sca‐1 expression and autofluorescence in lung OX40L‐positive Lin‐negative (i.e., OX40LposCD31negCD45negCD34neg) cells.D, E(D) Proportion of bronchiolar progenitors (LinnegSca‐1lowAFlow, red box) and club cells (LinnegSca‐1lowAFhigh, blue box), and (E) their cell counts.F, G(F) Lung sections stained with antibodies to CCSP (red) and SPC (green), and (G) quantitative analysis of these imaging data. Scale bar, 50 μm.HCell counts of OX40L‐positive cells in bronchiolar progenitors and club cells.IOX40L gene expression in bronchiolar progenitors and club cells. By quantitative RT–PCR, the gene expression levels were analyzed relative to the bronchiolar progenitors of mock‐infected mice. ND, not determined for scarcity of club cells after influenza infection.Data information: Data are presented as the mean ± standard error of n = 4 (A and E) or n = 3 (I) per group. Student's unpaired two‐tailed t‐test (A and I): P =  (A); progenitors, P =  (I). Tukey's honestly significant difference test (E): progenitors, P = 0.0001; club cells, P =  Source data are available online for this figure.
Taizou Hirano et al. EMBO Mol Med. 2016;8:
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