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2. Protestant Reformation
The Reformation
Protestant Reformation
Catholic Reformation
France
And
England
Germany
100
100
100
100
100
200
200
200
200
200
300
300
300
300
300
400
400
400
400
400
500
500
500
500
500

3. In which town and country did the Reformation begin?

4. In which town and country did the Reformation begin?
Wittenberg, Germany

5. Into which languages was the Bible translated and printed?
The Reformation – Bonus 50
Into which languages was the Bible translated and printed?

6. Into which languages was the Bible translated and printed?
The Reformation – Bonus 50
Into which languages was the Bible translated and printed?
English
French
German

7. Explain the Reformation.

8. Explain the Reformation.
The Reformation was a religious movement during the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant Churches.

9. Where was power concentrated in most European states?
The Reformation – 300
Where was power concentrated in most European states?

10. Where was power concentrated in most European states?
The Reformation – 300
Where was power concentrated in most European states?
Monarchs

11. The Reformation – 400
Discuss four conflicts that challenged the authority of the Church in Rome.

12. The Reformation – 400
Discuss four conflicts that challenged the authority of the Church in Rome.
The merchant wealth challenged the Church’s view of usury.
German and English nobility disliked Italian domination of the Church.
The Church’s great political power and wealth caused conflict.
Church corruption and the sale of indulgences were widespread and caused conflict.

13. The Reformation – 500
The Reformation eventually lead to the growth of individualism and secularism. Explain.

14. The Reformation – 500
The Reformation eventually lead to the growth of individualism and secularism. Explain.
Individualism is defined as “a focus on the individual.” The Reformation was a result of different interpretations of the same belief structure – the New Testament. The initial reaction to this was a violent rejection of difference. However, as more interpretations emerged and after significant bloodshed, the notion that one can choose their own interpretation slowly began to develop, from a community choice of interpretation to an individual choice of interpretation. The self-worth and dignity of an individual was now considered in governance.
Secularism is defined as “being without religion.” The Reformation emerged from the Renaissance’s emphasis on research and scholarship; in other words, the source of knowledge. As different philosophies developed, religious ideology shifted, at first away from the centrality of the pope and then away from the centrality of religion. In other words, religion was no longer the center of life.

15. How did Martin Luther begin the Protestant Reformation?

16. How did Martin Luther begin the Protestant Reformation?
He nailed his 95 Theses onto the door of the Wittenberg Church in Germany.

17. Protestant Reformation – 200
What was the 95 Theses?

18. What was the 95 Theses? Protestant Reformation – 200
A list of complaints Martin Luther had against the Catholic Church.

19. Why did Martin Luther write his 95 Theses?
Protestant Reformation – Bonus 100
Why did Martin Luther write his 95 Theses?

20. Why did Martin Luther write his 95 Theses?
Protestant Reformation – Bonus 100
Why did Martin Luther write his 95 Theses?
He was upset with the corruption of the Catholic Church, particularly Indulgences, and wanted to reform the Church by starting a discussion around his 95 Theses.

21. Who is John Wycliffe? What happened to him?
Protestant Reformation – 300
Who is John Wycliffe? What happened to him?

22. Who is John Wycliffe? What happened to him?
Protestant Reformation – 300
Who is John Wycliffe? What happened to him?
14th century English priest who spoke out against the abuses of the Catholic Church. Declared a heretic but died of a stroke before the Church had a chance to burn him at the stake. They burned his body after death.

23. Who is Jan Hus? What happened to him?
Protestant Reformation – 400
Who is Jan Hus? What happened to him?

24. Who is Jan Hus? What happened to him?
Protestant Reformation – 400
Who is Jan Hus? What happened to him?
14th century Czech priest who spoke out against the abuses of the Catholic Church. Declared a heretic and burned at the stake.

25. What are the three core beliefs of Lutheranism?
Protestant Reformation – 500
What are the three core beliefs of Lutheranism?

26. What are the three core beliefs of Lutheranism?
Protestant Reformation – 500
What are the three core beliefs of Lutheranism?
Salvation by faith alone
Bible as the ultimate authority
All humans equal before God

27. What is another name for the Catholic Reformation?

28. What is another name for the Catholic Reformation?
Counter Reformation

29. What was the Council of Trent and what was its purpose?
Catholic Reformation – 200
What was the Council of Trent and what was its purpose?

30. What was the Council of Trent and what was its purpose?
Catholic Reformation – 200
What was the Council of Trent and what was its purpose?
A meeting of Church leaders to reaffirm most Church doctrine and practices.

31. Who were the Jesuits and what was their purpose?
Catholic Reformation – 300
Who were the Jesuits and what was their purpose?

32. Who were the Jesuits and what was their purpose?
Catholic Reformation – 300
Who were the Jesuits and what was their purpose?
AKA, the Society of Jesus
They were founded to spread Catholic doctrine around the world.

33. What was the Inquisition and what was its purpose?
Catholic Reformation – Bonus 150
What was the Inquisition and what was its purpose?

34. What was the Inquisition and what was its purpose?
Catholic Reformation – Bonus 150
What was the Inquisition and what was its purpose?
A tribunal of Catholic leaders (the Jesuits) to root out heresy.

35. Discuss all five points of discussion at the Council of Trent.
Catholic Reformation – 400
Discuss all five points of discussion at the Council of Trent.

36. Discuss all five points of discussion at the Council of Trent.
Catholic Reformation – 400
Discuss all five points of discussion at the Council of Trent.
Sale of indulgences forbidden
Salvation is achieved by a combination of good works and faith
Religious authority is found in the Bible, the traditions of the Church, and the writings of Church leaders
The Latin Bible is to be used
People cannot interpret the message of the Bible without the guidance of the Church

37. Catholic Reformation – 500
Explain how the Index of Forbidden Books further shows the importance of the printing press.

38. Catholic Reformation – 500
Explain how the Index of Forbidden Books further shows the importance of the printing press.
Before the printing press, if the Church wanted to get rid of a book, they would burn the few copies of it and maybe the author as well. But the printing press produced so many copies of books that it was virtually impossible to burn them all. It was easier to just put them on a list of banned books.

39. Why did Henry VIII break from the Church in Rome?
France and England – 100
Why did Henry VIII break from the Church in Rome?

40. Why did Henry VIII break from the Church in Rome?
France and England – 100
Why did Henry VIII break from the Church in Rome?
He wanted a divorce from his wife (Catherine of Aragon) but the pope denied it to him so he left the Church, becoming head of the Church of England, and granted himself a divorce.

41. What was the Edict of Nantes?
France and England – 200
What was the Edict of Nantes?

42. What was the Edict of Nantes?
France and England – 200
What was the Edict of Nantes?
A decree by the King of France that granted Huguenots the freedom to practice their religion.

43. France and England – 300
Who changed the Thirty Years’ War from a religious conflict into a political conflict?

44. France and England – 300
Who changed the Thirty Years’ War from a religious conflict into a political conflict?
Cardinal Richelieu

45. What are the three core beliefs of John Calvin?
France and England – 400
What are the three core beliefs of John Calvin?

46. What are the three core beliefs of John Calvin?
France and England – 400
What are the three core beliefs of John Calvin?
Predestination
Faith revealed by living a righteous life
Work ethic

47. Explain the development of the Anglican Church.
France and England – 500
Explain the development of the Anglican Church.

48. Explain the development of the Anglican Church.
France and England – 500
Explain the development of the Anglican Church.
After Henry VIII left the Catholic Church, he became head of the Church of England. Anne Boleyn turned the Church of England into a Protestant Church. Elizabeth I turned the Church of England into the Anglican Church.

49. Queen Elizabeth I is credited with the victory over what fleet?
France and England – Bonus 250
Queen Elizabeth I is credited with the victory over what fleet?

50. Queen Elizabeth I is credited with the victory over what fleet?
France and England – Bonus 250
Queen Elizabeth I is credited with the victory over what fleet?
The Spanish Armada

51. How was the Holy Roman Empire divided?
Germany – 100
How was the Holy Roman Empire divided?

52. How was the Holy Roman Empire divided?
Germany - 100
How was the Holy Roman Empire divided?
Northern Germany was made up of smaller states, each ruled by a prince.
Southern Germany was ruled by the Hapsburgs.

53. How did the authority of the pope end in Northern Germany?

54. How did the authority of the pope end in Northern Germany?
The German princes converted to Protestantism.

55. How did the Thirty Years’ War begin?
Germany – 300
How did the Thirty Years’ War begin?

56. How did the Thirty Years’ War begin?
Germany - 300
How did the Thirty Years’ War begin?
As a religious conflict between the Protestant German princes and the Catholic Hapsburg Empire.

57. Why were the German princes attracted to Protestantism?
Germany – 400
Why were the German princes attracted to Protestantism?

58. Why were the German princes attracted to Protestantism?
Germany - 400
Why were the German princes attracted to Protestantism?
They no longer had to answer to the Church in Rome
All money in German states stayed in German states
All Church land returned to German states

59. What brand of Protestantism were the German princes?
Germany – Bonus 200
What brand of Protestantism were the German princes?

60. What brand of Protestantism were the German princes?
Germany – Bonus 200
What brand of Protestantism were the German princes?
Lutheran

61. Germany – 500
What are the two religious and three political terms of the Peace of Westphalia?

62. Germany – 500
What are the two religious and three political terms of the Peace of Westphalia?
Religious:
The princes in each German state would determine the religion of his own state (Catholic, Lutheran, or Calvin)
Christians living in a state of different denominations were allowed to practice their faith
Political:
Netherlands and Switzerland independent
Many country borders were expanded and defined
Each country had sovereign over itself

63. Final Bonus – 1000
Why did the pope distribute titles to monarchs such as “Defender of the Faith” and “Most Christian King”?

64. Final Bonus – 1000
Why did the pope distribute titles to monarchs such as “Defender of the Faith” and “Most Christian King”?
Monarchs had ultimate power in their country. The pope was hoping that with titles such as these, monarchs would help to stop the spread of Protestantism.