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Unit VI: Learning Behaviorism: The attempt to understand observable activity in terms of observable stimuli and observable responses Classical Conditioning.

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Presentation on theme: "Unit VI: Learning Behaviorism: The attempt to understand observable activity in terms of observable stimuli and observable responses Classical Conditioning."— Presentation transcript:

1 Unit VI: Learning Behaviorism: The attempt to understand observable activity in terms of observable stimuli and observable responses Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Observational Learning

2 Learning Learning relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience

3 Association We learn by association Associative Learning
Our minds naturally connect events that occur in sequence Aristotle 2000 years ago John Locke and David Hume 200 years ago Associative Learning learning that two events occur together two stimuli a response and its consequences

4 Behaviorism: John B. Watson
viewed psychology as objective science generally agreed-upon consensus today recommended study of behavior without reference to unobservable mental processes not universally accepted by all schools of thought today Little Albert:

5 Association Learning to associate two events
Sea snail associates splash with a tail shock Seal learns to expect a snack for its showy antics

6 Classical or Pavlovian Conditioning
We learn to associate two stimuli With your table, come up with three examples and be ready to share

7 Classical Conditioning
Ivan Pavlov Russian physician/ neurophysiologist Nobel Prize in 1904 studied digestive secretions

8 Pavlov’s Classic Experiment
Before Conditioning UCS (food in mouth) Neutral stimulus (tone) UCR (salivation) No salivation During Conditioning After Conditioning UCS (food in mouth) CS (tone) Neutral stimulus (tone) UCR (salivation) CR (salivation)

9 Classical Conditioning
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) stimulus that unconditionally--automatically and naturally--triggers a response Unconditioned Response (UCR) unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus Conditioned Stimulus (CS) originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response Conditioned Response (CR) learned response to a previously neutral conditioned stimulus

10 Classical Conditioning
UCS (passionate kiss) UCR (sexual arousal) CS (onion breath) CR Kiss)

11 Nausea Conditioning in Cancer Patients
UCS (drug) UCR (nausea) CS (waiting room) CR

12 Classical Conditioning
organism comes to associate two stimuli a neutral stimulus (NS) that signals an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) begins to produce a response (UCR) that anticipates and prepares for the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) With your partner or trio, relate this description to one of your previous examples of association and be ready to share

13 Classical Conditioning
Acquisition the initial stage in classical conditioning the phase associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus comes to elicit a conditioned response in operant conditioning, the strengthening of a reinforced response

14 Classical Conditioning
Extinction diminishing of a CR in classical conditioning, when a UCR does not follow a CS in operant conditioning, when a response is no longer reinforced

15 Classical Conditioning
Spontaneous Recovery reappearance, after a rest period, of an extinguished CR Generalization tendency for stimuli similar to CS to elicit similar responses

16 Classical Conditioning
Discrimination in classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a CS and other stimuli that do not signal a UCS

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